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Clinical Anat Back
MSK
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| direct anterior force to the forehead | Contact injury of neck |
| unrestrained neck motion (Rear-end motor collision with person wearing seat belt); The Whiplash Injury | Noncontact injury of neck |
| Ligamentous damage involving the anterior longitudinal ligament (_____________) and nuchal ligament (______________) | hyperextension; Hyperflexion |
| Headache, neck pain radiating into shoulders, upper back pain, dizziness, and neurological signs of a concussion | Signs of injury to neck |
| Can result from whiplash injury | Transverse Ligament Rupture |
| causes an increase flexion angle of skull and the cervical vertebrae | Ligamentous rupture |
| Dislocation of the dense into vertebral canal→ Compression of spinal cord • Unconscious patient • Suppression of diaphragm • Paraplegia • Incontinence | Signs of Transverse Ligament Rupture |
| can occur with flexion or extension injuries | Dens fracture |
| • Avulsion of dens posteriorly can compress the spinal cord → + neurological symptoms • Neck pain • Numbness in limbs • Quadriplegia • Respiratory arrest → diaphragm paralysis | Signs of dens fracture |
| An example of a burst fracture; fracture of the C1 Vertebrae | Jefferson Fracture |
| Axial force is transmitted across the occipital-cervical junction (thinking diving into a shallow pool) break in arches→ lateral masses move outward → look out for transverse ligament injury! | Axial loading injury |
| Rupture of the transverse ligament is also seen→ highly unstable fracture | Jefferson Fracture |
| Most commonly occurs in the lumbar region → Intervertebral disc at L4/L5 and L5/S1 vertebral levels most commonly affected | Disc Herniations (Lumbar) |
| L4/L5 disc herniation pinches the | L5 spinal nerve |
| Herniation can also occur in the cervical and thoracic region • Spinal nerve immediately exiting out of the IV foramen is pinched | Disc Herniations (Cervical/Thoracic) |
| • Compression fracture of the vertebral body • Loss of an equal anterior to posterior height of the vertebral body | Wedge Fracture |
| • Results from an axial force w/compressive load (hyperflexion) • Osteoporosis /bone abnormalities (such as cancer metastasis) that weakens bone. • Some result from hyperflexion injuries w/ severe forward bending injury→ Front impact car accidents | Wedge Fracture |
| • Pain and loss of mobility • Kyphosis • Loss of height | Signs of wedge fracture |
| • C2 Vertebral Fracture • Bilateral traumatic fracture of pars interarticularis w/ traumatic subluxation of C2 on C3 | Hangman’s Fracture |
| Occurs after forced hyperextension w/distraction of neck. Causes fracture because the pedicle • Motor vehicle accidents (unrestrained driver hitting head on dashboard/windshield), diving injuries, or contact sports injuries | Hangman’s Fracture |
| • Compression fracture; Bone crushed in all directions • High-energy traumatic vertebral fractures caused by flexion of the spine leading to a compression force through anterior & middle column | Lumbar Vertebrae Burst Fracture |
| • Reduction of vertebra’s height • Retropulsion of bone into vertebral canal → compression of neural structures (spinal cord, spinal nerves and/or roots) | Lumbar Vertebrae Burst Fracture |
| Stress Fracture of the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae • Presents w/ back pain worsens with movement • Causes by chronic overextension w/ rotation movements of the lumbar vertebrae | Spondylolysis |
| Anterior slippage of vertebral body • If occurring w/spondylolysis, then referred to as spondylolysis with spondylolisthesis or spondylolytic spondylolisthesis • Slipping can result in narrowing of intervertebral foramina → spinal nerve impingements | Spondylolisthesis |
| • Same positioning as a lumbar puncture • Find Supracristal Line to count vertebrae • “One Pop” felt. Ligamentous Flavum • Nerves are within epidural space and can be anesthetized | Epidural (Lumbar) Analgesia |
| • Provides anesthesia to the caudal nerve roots • Needle inserted into sacral hiatus • Can be done under ultrasound guidance | Sacral Analgesia (Caudal Anesthesia) |
| partial fusion of the LV vertebrae to sacrum | Sacralization of Vertebrae |
| partial separation of the S1 vertebrae from the sacrum | Lumbarization of vertebrae |
| Congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae → shortened neck • Fusion can include other vertebrae • Shortened neck • decreased range of motion in the head and neck area • low hairline at the back of the head • Associated with scoliosis and hemivertebrae | Klippel Feil |
| • Half of the vertebra completely fails to form • Caused by improper segmentation of sclerotomes • Leads to the development of Scoliosis (Congenital) • Sharp angulation of the spine • Lateral deviation of vertebrae • Rotation of Vertebrae | Hemivertebrae |
Created by:
Zariea
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