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Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| inspiration | breathing in (inhalation) |
| expiration | breathing out |
| How are pressure and volume related? | inversely; so if one goes up the other goes down. |
| forced expiration | contraction of abs and internal intercostals push air out |
| when you inspire the diaphragm | contracts and flattens |
| What happens to the volume and pressure of the thoracic cavity when you inhale? | volume goes up and pressure goes down pulling air into the lungs |
| function of respiratory system | supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide |
| ventilation | breathing; moving air in and out of lungs |
| respiration | process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells |
| external respiration | exchange of gases between air in lungs and blood |
| internal respiration | Exchange of gases between cells of the body and the blood |
| upper respiratory tract | nose, nasal cavity paranasal sinuses and pharynx |
| lower respiratory tract | larynx, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs |
| nasal conchae | bones that help to complete the nasal cavity by forming the side and lower wall; increase the surface area; superior, middle and inferior |
| phayrnx (throat) | passageway for food and air -nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
| larynx | the enlarged upper end of the trachea below the root of the tongue preventing foreign objects from entering the trachea; houses the vocal cords |
| false vocal cords | do not make sound, superior elastic ligament serves as a sphincter to close off the larynx |
| true vocal cords | inferior set, vibrates as air passes through to generate sound |
| epiglottis | A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering. |
| trachea | The windpipe; a passage through which air moves in the respiratory system. lined with ciliated mucus membrane |
| bronchial tree | branched airways that lead from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs called alveoli |
| alveoli | tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood |
| right lung | larger with 3 lobes |
| left lung | has 2 lobes |
| tidal volume | Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath or respiratory cycle |
| vital capacity | The total volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation; inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume |
| residual volume | Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation |
| asthma | A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing. |
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