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Digestive System

QuestionAnswer
Mucosa The innermost layer of the human digestive tract; in some parts of the digestive system, it contains mucus-secreting cells and glands that secrete digestive enzymes
Submucosa The layer of connective tissue directly under the mucosa of an open body cavity.
muscularis propria Fourth layer of bowel; contains circular and longitudinal fibrous bands.
adventitia outer layer of connective tissue covering digestive organs
enteric nervous system The nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. It controls secretion and motility within the Gi tract, and is linked to the central nervous system.
peritoneum Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs
Ingestion taking in food
Propulsion (Digestive Process) movement of food along the digestive tract
mechanical digestion Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces
chemical digestion Process by which enzymes break down food into small molecules that the body can use
Absorption (digestive system) the passage of nutrients through plasma membranes into the blood or lymph and then to the body
defecation elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
deglutition the act of swallowing
parietal cells cells in the stomach that secrete HCl and intrinsic factor
chief cells secrete pepsinogen
mucous neck cells produce mucus to lubricate the food entering the stomach
G cells secrete gastrin
cephalic phase the earliest phase of digestion, in which the brain thinks about and prepares the digestive organs for the consumption of food
gastric phase phase of gastric secretion that begins when food enters the stomach
intestinal phase Stage in which the duodenum responds to arriving chyme and moderates gastric activity through hormones and nervous reflexes
salivary amylase Enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch
Pepsin Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach
Lactase enzyme that breaks down lactose
pancreatic lipase breaks down fats
Trypsin breaks down proteins
Created by: PRO Teacher ServAP
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