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A&P Lecture 4

Protein Synthesis

QuestionAnswer
Protein synthesis is separated into 2 parts 1.Transcription 2.Translation
What is Transcription? Creation of RNA in the nucleus
There are 3 steps to Transcription 1. Gene activation 2.DNA to mRNA 3.mRNA Processing
Shape of DNA Helix
There are 2 strands of DNA 1.Template Strand 2.Coding strand
Function of Template strand RNA Polymerase enzyme attaches to template strand to make mRNA
Function of the Coding strand Separates from the template strand
What happens in Gene Activation ? 1.DNA helix uncoils 2.Protein histones are removed
What happens in DNA to mRNA ? 1.RNA Polymerase attaches to the promoter (start) code in the template strand 2.mRNA duplicates coding strand, with uracil replacing thymine
What happens in mRNA Processing ? 1. @ stop signal, mRNA detaches from the template strand 2. Introns are not needed and removed 3. Exons are needed in the cytosol and spliced together and token out of the nucleus
3RNA's 1.mRNA=messenger ( new strand created ) 2.tRNA =transfer ( snot suction ) 3.rRNA=ribosomal ( 2 blobs of small and large ribosomes )
Step 1 of Translation mRNA moves from the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytosol
2 types of ribosomes 1.free ribosomes= stay in the cytoplasm to create proteins in the cell 2.Fixed ribosome= attach to the Golgi apparatus to create proteins outside of the cell
Step 2 of Translation =INITIATION mRNA binds to ribosomal small and large subunits (ribosomal RNA/rRNA)
Step 3 of Translation =ELONGATION 1.Suction snot ( tRNA) bind to mRNA strand to create amino acids 2. Peptide bonds connect to the amino acids to create polypeptide chains
Step 4 of Translation =TERMINATION @ stop codon, all parts separate
Step 5 of Translation Post Translational Processing= golgi apparatus creates vesicles that carry proteins away
What type of vesicle carries main proteins away ? Lysosomes
Created by: jameesha1
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