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Digestive system
Terms of the digestive system and their definition.
Term | Definition |
---|---|
mouth | Here it begins the process of digestion. |
vestibule | Area of the mouth between the teeth, lips and cheeks. |
oral cavity | Area of the mouth inside the dental cavity where the tongue is. |
salivary glands | They secrete saliva to help the digestive process, maintain dental health and lubricate the mouth for speech. |
pharynx | Muscles here push the food into the esophagus. It is part of both the respiratory and the digestive system. |
epiglottis | Flap of elastic cartilage covered wih mucus that directs the food to the esophagus, preventing it from entering the trachea. |
esophagus | Also known as gullet, it is a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. |
peristalsis | Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles in the esophagus that makes the bolus travel down the stomach. |
stomach | Expandable J-shaped organ joined to the esophagus and the duodenum with a major function in the digestion process. |
liver | It detoxifies various metabolites, synthesises proteins and produces biochemicals needed for digestion. |
pancreas | Endocrine and exocrine gland that secretes insulin. |
insulin | Hormone produced by the pancreas that controls the levels of sugar in the blood. |
gallbladder | It stores bile produced by the liver. |
small intestine | Where the most absorption of food takes place. Here, it transforms from the bolus to the chyme. |
large intestine | Where the food gets slowly digested (12-50 hours) until it is removed by defecation. |
bolus | Food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva. |
chyme | Partially-digested semi-liquid food. |
anus | Ending of the digestive system by where feces are defecated. |