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A&P chapters 9-10

QuestionAnswer
(t/f) A nerve is a single neuron that transmits impulses false
(t/f) Neuroglia are specialized to react to environmental change, and neurons support neuroglia false
(t/f) Axon branches are called collaterals true
(t/f) Nodes of Ranvier lie between neurons false
(t/f) Interneurons are specialized to carry impulses from receptor cells into the brain or spinal cord false
(t/f) During the absolute refractory period, a stimulus of high intensity may trigger a nerve impulse false
(t/f) Enkephalins are neuropeptides true
(t/f) Several nerve fibers converging onto one neuron amplifies impulses false
The oculomotor nerve is a cranial nerve containing nerve fibers that innervate eye muscles and control eye movement. These fibers are examples of... motor neurons
Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear... white
A myelinated nerve fiber is__________, whereas an unmyelinated nerve fiber is__________ - white and composing of white matter of the brain and spinal cord - grey and composing the grey matter of the brain and spinal cord
In Guillain-Barre syndrome, the immune system attacks and degrades the myelin sheath of PNS axons. Predict the effect this will have on nerve impulse and motor function lost insulation from myelin will cause neurons of the PNS to lose saltatory conduction, resulting in poor muscle function
In order for a severed peripheral nerve to regenerate and recover its original function, nerve fibers must sprout and enter tubes formed by... neuroglia
Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS are called_________. ganglia
Organize the following list of nervous system elements by their classifications as CNS or PNS elements: oligodendrocytes, thermoreceptors (nerves that sense temperature), interneurons, satellite cells, brain, motor neurons. CNS - brain, oligodendrocytes, interneurons PNS - thermoreceptors, satellite cells, motor neurons
When an action potential passes over the surface of a synaptic knob, the contents of the vesicles are released in response to the presence of... calcium ions
Over the course of the effects of these signals, the neuronal membrane potential reaches around -90mV. This means, overall, that the neuron will be inhibited from generating action potentials
A neuron is exposed to a drug that completely blocks voltage-gated potassium channels, but has no effect on non-gated channels or the sodium-potassium pump. Which of the following describes the effect on action potential generation? repolarization will still occur, but at an inefficiently slow rate
Give correct order of reaching threshold potential 1. The membrane depolarizes. 2. Sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward. 3. The membrane repolarizes. 4. Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward. 2, 1, 4, 3
An action potential is triggered if... EPSPs overpower IPSPs
(t/f) Endomysium separates individual muscle fibers from each other true
(t/f) A motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it controls constitute a motor unit true
(t/f) In the initiation of muscle fiber contraction, calcium ions bind to tropomyosin, exposing active sites on actin for cross-bridge formation false
(t/f) The enzyme ATPase occurs in the globular portion of myosin molecules true
(t/f) Acetylcholine released by the myofibril crosses the synaptic cleft to bind to the motor neuron ending false
(t/f) ATP is necessary for muscle relaxation. true
functions of the muscles pump blood
The striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibers results from the... sarcomere organization
The discoloration and swelling that occurs with a muscle strain is due to... ruptured blood vessels
Transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum are well developed in... skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers
The functional unit of muscle contraction is... sarcomere
Certain natural plant poisons and animal venoms contain substances that inhibit the function of acetylcholinesterase. If a person is poisoned by one of these substances, which of the following will be the cause of their symptoms? their muscles will be in a constant state of contraction because acetylcholine won't be broken down and cleared from the neuromuscular junction
The amount of oxygen liver cells require to support the conversion of lactic acid to produce glucose or glycogen is the... oxygen debt
A group of rats are bred in a lab. This group possesses a genetic defect that causes troponin to be incorrectly synthesized, making it non-functional. The rats are paralyzed. What correctly explains the impact of the defect on the muscle? troponin can't bind Ca +2, which stops tropomyosin from pulling away to reveal actin binding spots on the thin filament
At a neuromuscular junction, the muscle fiber membrane folds, forming a... motor endplate
Rigor mortis affects skeletal muscles a few hours after death, due to... a decrease in ATP and increased permeability to calcium
Many muscles are named for their location (origin and insertion) in the body, particularly in relation to bones. In what body region would you expect the frontalis muscle to originate? cranium
As a person is vigorously rowing a boat, they suddenly experience extreme pain in their upper arm and no longer can extend at the elbow joint. Which of the following is probably the injured muscle? triceps brachii
During strenuous exercise, muscles may not be supplied with enough oxygen, causing a shift in metabolism resulting in the breakdown of pyruvic acid to lactic acid. This change in metabolism is called the... lactic acid threshold
The characteristic reddish brown color of skeletal muscle comes from which substance? myoglobin
A myogram is... recording of events of a twitch
The increase in the number of motor units activated as a result of more intense stimulation is called... recruitment
Smooth muscle lacks... transverse tubules and striations
While examining a sample of muscle tissue under a microscope, you notice that the cells have a single nucleus. The fibers are striated and heavily branched. Which muscle type does this sample contain? cardiac muscle
A weightlifter uses muscles so the muscles exert more than 75% of their maximum tension. This stimulates... muscle fibers developing new filaments of actin and myosin
Created by: KimBriann
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