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AP - Endocrine
Anatomy And Physiology - Endocrine System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Endocrine System | System of glands that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs. |
| Hormones | Chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body; they control and regulate the activity of certain cells or organs. |
| Pituitary Gland | Often called the "master gland" because it regulates many activities of other endocrine glands; located at the base of the brain. |
| Thyroid Gland | Located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth. |
| Parathyroid Glands | Small glands of the endocrine system located in the neck behind the thyroid which produce parathyroid hormone, crucial in regulating calcium levels. |
| Adrenal Glands | Glands that produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions. |
| Pancreas | Regulates blood sugar levels by producing insulin and glucagon. |
| Gonads | The primary reproductive organs, male (testes) and female (ovaries), that produce hormones necessary for reproduction and development of secondary sex characteristics. |
| Pineal Gland | A small gland in the brain that produces melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles. |
| Thymus | A gland located in the upper chest that helps develop the body’s immune system during childhood. |
| Hypothalamus | Brain region controlling the pituitary gland; regulates hunger, thirst, sleep, temperature, and other processes. |
| Insulin | A hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose by cells. |
| Glucagon | A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose from glycogen in the liver. |
| Cortisol | A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex involved in the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates, and also in the suppression of inflammation. |
| Epinephrine (Adrenaline) | A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that increases rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism and prepares muscles for exertion. |
| Norepinephrine | A hormone produced by the adrenal glands and a neurotransmitter in the nervous system, involved in arousal and stress regulation. |
| Estrogen | A group of sex hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body. |
| Testosterone | The primary male sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the male reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. |
| Progesterone | A hormone produced in the ovaries which acts to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. |
| Thyroxine (T4) | A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases metabolism in cells. |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) | A thyroid hormone similar to thyroxine but with greater potency. |
| Melatonin | A hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep and wakefulness. |
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) | A hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates serum calcium levels. |
| Calcitonin | A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium levels. |
| Growth Hormone (GH) | A hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. |
| Prolactin | A hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate milk production in women. |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | Also known as vasopressin, a hormone that helps regulate the balance of water in the body by reducing the amount of water excreted by the kidneys. |
| Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that promotes the formation of ova or sperm. |
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | A hormone produced by the pituitary gland; in females, it triggers ovulation and stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone; in males, it stimulates the production of testosterone. |
Created by:
wmtc101
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