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AP-Circulatory
Anatomy And Physiology Circulatory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | The system responsible for moving blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones around the body. |
| Heart | A muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system by repeated, rhythmic contractions. |
| Atria | The two upper chambers of the heart, which receive blood from the veins and pump it to the ventricles. |
| Ventricles | The two lower chambers of the heart, which receive blood from the atria above and pump it out to the lungs and body. |
| Heart Valves | Structures within the heart that open and close to control the flow of blood, preventing backflow; includes mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves. |
| Cardiac Cycle | The sequence of events in one complete heartbeat, including contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the atria and ventricles. |
| Systole | The phase of the heartbeat during which the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries. |
| Diastole | The phase of the heartbeat during which the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood. |
| Heart Wall | Composed of three layers: the epicardium (outer), myocardium (middle, muscular layer), and endocardium (inner). |
| Epicardium | The outer layer of the heart wall, consisting of connective tissue and fat. |
| Myocardium | The muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contracts to pump blood from the heart chambers. |
| Endocardium | The innermost layer of the heart wall, lining the chambers and covering the valves, composed of endothelial cells. |
| Conduction System of the Heart | The network of nodes and specialized cardiac muscle cells that initiate and coordinate contraction of the heart muscle. |
| Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) | The pacemaker of the heart that controls the heart rate by generating electrical impulses and causing the atria to contract. |
| Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) | A component of the electrical conduction system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart, delays the signal, and allows the atria to fully contract before the ventricles contract. |
| Bundle of His | A collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction that transmits the electrical impulses from the AV node to the point of the apex of the fascicular branches. |
| Purkinje Fibers | Fibers in the heart that distribute the electrical impulse to the myocardial cells of the ventricles, ensuring coordinated contraction of the ventricles. |
| Arteries | Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. |
| Veins | Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. |
| Capillaries | Tiny blood vessels between arteries and veins where exchanges of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products occur. |
| Coronary Arteries | The arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium (heart muscle). |
| Cardiac Output | The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, calculated as heart rate times stroke volume. |
| Stroke Volume | The amount of blood pumped by a ventricle with each heartbeat. |
| Heart Rate | The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually per minute. |
| Ejection Fraction | The fraction of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat, important in diagnosing and monitoring heart conditions. |
Created by:
wmtc101
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