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Anatomy 19.1 - 19.3
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What makes hormones different than other signaling molecules? | Travel through bloodstream |
| What kind of cells secrete hormones? | Endocrine Cells |
| What does it mean for a cell to be a target of a hormone? | Has specific membrane receptors for the specific hormone |
| What are examples of responses from cells? | - Enzyme reactions - Membrane proteins - Gene Activity |
| What are the differences between how the nervous system sends a signal and the endocrine system? What are the trade-offs between signaling via the nervous and endocrine systems? | Nervous System Endocrine System Duration of Signal Short Long Speed of Signal Fast Slow “Audience” to Signal Few Many |
| Given a situation where blood sugar is the too high, what is the stimulus, control center, effectors, and response? What hormone is used to communicate with the effectors? | Stimulus- increased blood sugar Control center- pancreatic islet cells Effectors- most of cells in our body Response- lower blood sugar Hormone: Insulin |
| Given a situation where blood sugar is the too low, what is the stimulus, control center, effectors, and response? What hormone is used to communicate with the effectors? | Stimulus- decreased blood sugar Control center- pancratic islet cells Effectors- liver Response- increase blood sugar Hormone: Glucagon |
| Why are insulin and glucagon considered antagonistic hormones? | Bring on opposing responses. Never both insulin and glucagon in the bloodstream at the same time (would cancel each other out) |
| In 2-4 sentences, describe the difference between the anterior pituitary glands. How does the hypothalamus control each one? | Anterior Pituitary Gland- Neurons in the hypothalamus secrete hormones via the portal vein Cells react to TRH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and secrete their OWN hormones PORTAL SYSTEM |
| In 2-4 sentences, describe the difference between the posterior pituitary glands. How does the hypothalamus control each one? | Posterior Pituitary Gland- Controlled by the hypothalamus An extension of neurons found in the hypothalamus |
| Where is the thyroid gland in the body? | Cervical region |
| For the following hormones, identify their target cell/organ, the overall response they create, and from which part of the pituitary were they secreted (posterior): | Posterior Pituitary Gland o Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Target Cell: Kidney Response: Conserve Water o Oxytocin (OT) Target Cell: Uterus / Mammary Glands Response: Induce contractions of the uterus / Eject milk |
| For the following hormones, identify their target cell/organ, the overall response they create, and from which part of the pituitary were they secreted (anterior): | o Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Target Cell: Thyroid Response: Secrete Thyroid Hormone o Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Target Cell: Adrenal Cortex or the Adrenal Gland Response: Adrenal Cortex / Secretes hormones |
| For the following hormones, identify their target cell/organ, the overall response they create, and from which part of the pituitary were they secreted (anterior): etc. | o Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Target Cell: Gonads (Ovary) Response: Secrete Sex hormones o Luteinizing hormone (LH) Target Cell: Gonads (Testes) Response: Secrete Sex hormones |
Created by:
handcuff
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