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APHY 101 (CH 5)
Chapter 5 - Tissues
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tissues | Groups of similar cells with a common function |
| Histology | Study of tissues |
| 4 major types of tissues: | 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous |
| Tight junctions | - membranes between cells merge and fuse - located among cells that form linings, sheetlike layers - blood - brain barrier |
| Desmosomes | - form "spot welds" between cells - structural reinforcements - located among outer skin cells |
| Gap junctions | - Tubular channels between cells - molecules can move between cells - located in cardiac muscle cells |
| Nanotechnology | Uses structures smaller than 100 nm in at least 1 direction, to help medications cross the barrier |
| General Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue: | - covers organs and body surface - lines cavities & hollow organs - makes up glands - have free surface on outside, and basement membrane on inside - cells readily divide; injuries heal rapidly - classified according to cell shape and number of cell |
| Epithelial Tissue Shapes: | - Squamous (flat) - Cuboidal (cube-shaped) - Columnar (tall) |
| Epithelial Tissue Layers: | - Simple (one layer of cells) - Stratified (2 or more layer of cells) - Pseudostratified (appears layered, but is not) |
| Simple Squamous | - single layer of thin, flat cells - substances pass easily through - thin and delicate, can be damaged - found in diffusion and filtration sites - lines air sacs (alveoli) and capillaries - lines blood and lymphatic vessels |
| Simple cuboidal | - single layer of cube-shaped cells - secretion and absorption - lines kidney tubules, thyroid follicles - covers ovaries - lines ducts of some glands |
| Simple columnar | - single layer of elongated cells - nuclei usually at same level, near basement membrane - sometimes have cilia - sometimes have microvilli - sometimes have goblet cells (secrete mucus) - secretion and absorption - lines uterus, stomach, intestines |
| Pseudostratified columnar | - single layer, but appears layered - nuclei at 2 or more levels - cells vary in shape - often has cilia, goblet cells - protection from infection - lines respiratory passageways |
| Stratified squamous | - many cell layers; thick - protective layer - outermost cells are flat - deeper cells are cuboidal - new cells are form, push older cells toward free surface - outer layer of skin (keratinized) - lines oral cavity, vagina, anal cavity |
| Stratified cuboidal | - 2-3 layers of cube-shaped cells - more protection than 1 layer - lines ducts of mammary, sweat, and salivary glands, and pancreas |
| Stratified columnar | - top layer of elongated cells - cube - shaped cells in deeper layers - lines part of male urethra, ducts of exocrine glands |
| Transitional (uroepithelium) | - many cell layers - cube - shaped and elongated cells - changes shape with increased tension; stretches - line urinary bladder, uteters, and part of urethra |
| Glandular Epithelium | Composed of cells that produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids - 2 types |
| Endocrine glands | Secrete into tissue fluid or blood |
| Exocrine glands | Secrete into ducts that open onto surface - 2 structural types |
| Unicellular Exocrine glands | Composed of one cell, such as a goblet cell (secretes mucus) |
| Multicellular Exocrine glands | - composed of many cells - sweat glands, salivary glands, etc. - simple or compound |
| Simple Exocrine gland | Duct does not branch |
| Compound Exocrine gland | Duct branches before it reaches secretory portion |
| Tubular Exocrine gland | Consist of epithelial - lined tubes |
| Alveolar Exocrine gland | Terminal portions form saclike dilations |
Created by:
aphiner
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