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Unit 1 Mock
mock question for A+P1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is diffusion? | Diffusion ( simple diffusion) is the movement of substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of that substance until the equilibrium is reached. |
| What is osmosis? | Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane from and area of high water concentration (low solute concentration) to an area of low water concentration (high solute concentration. |
| What is a solute? | a solute is something that is mixed into water. Examples salt, and sugar. |
| How do diffusion and osmosis differ? | Diffusion involves the movement of solutes, where as osmosis involves the movement of water. Both processes move substances from high to low concentration, but osmosis specifically refers to water movement through a semipermeable membrane. |
| What is apoptosis? | Apoptosis- Cell Suicide |
| Why is apoptosis important? | Apoptosis is crucial for development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and elimination of damaged or harmful cells. |
| What is necrosis? | Necrosis- unplanned cell death |
| List and describe the levels of organization from simplest to most complex? | |
| Subatomic particles | Protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| Atoms | Smallest whole unit of matter |
| Molecule | when 2 or more atoms combine |
| Macromolecules | Large molecules made up of hundreds to thousands of smaller molecules. |
| Cell | The smallest whole unit of life |
| Tissue | Groups of cells working together to perform a function |
| Organ | 2 or more tissues come with a specific form or function |
| Organ system | A group of organs working together to preform a general function |
| Organism | Just one member of a species like a person, animal, or plant |
| What is the difference between a malignant and a benign tumor? | A benign tumor is non- cancerous and does not spread to other parts of the body. A malignant tumor is cancerous and can invade and destroy nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. |
| What is the atomic number of an atom? | The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity. |
| What is the atomic mass (or atomic weight) of an atom? | The atomic mass (or atomic weight) is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. Be able to read and use the periodic table of elements. |
| Li has an atomic number of 3, atomic mass of 7, How many protons does it have? | 3 |
| Li has an atomic number of 3, atomic mass of 7, How many electrons does it have? | 3 |
| Li has an atomic number of 3, atomic mass of 7, How many neutrons does it have? | 4 |
| Li has an atomic number of 3, atomic mass of 7, What is the charge? | 0 |
| Li has an atomic number of 3, atomic mass of 7. How many electrons would you put in each shell? | First shell can hold 2 and I would put 2. Second shell can hold 8 but I would only put 1. Third shell can hold 8 but I would 0 in that shell. |
| What is the pH scale? | The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is, ranging from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic. |
| What is the pH of pure water? | The pH of pure water is 7, which is neutral. |
| List and describe the stages of meiosis? | |
| Prophase I | Chromosomes are condensing, and crossing over occurs. Nuclear membrane is breaking down. |
| Metaphase I | 46 Chromosomes are lining up in the center of the cell in rows of 2. |
| Anaphase I | Spindle fibers separate the chromosome pairs to opposite sides of the cell. |
| Telophase I | Nuclear membrane is reforming and chromosomes are unpacking. |
| Prophase II | Nuclear membrane breaks downs and chromosomes are condensing again. |
| Metaphase II | 23 Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell in a single file line. |
| Anaphase II | Chromosomes split in half |
| Telophase II | Nuclear membrane reforms. |
| How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity? | Meiosis introduces genetic diversity through crossing over and independent assortment.. |
| How many sex cells do men and women produce? | During men meiosis 4 sex cells are created for each cell that goes through meiosis. They are different than each other and the original. During women meiosis just 1 functional sex cell is created. |
| List and describe the stages of mitosis? | |
| Prophase | DNA condenses into chromosome, nuclear membrane breaks down, no crossing over. |
| Metaphase | All 46 chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in a single file line. |
| Anaphase | The chromosomes split and move to the opposite poles of the cell. |
| Telophase | The nuclear membrane is reforming and DNA is decondensing |
| End result of mitosis | Cells are genetically identical to each other and the original cell |
| What are the main differences between DNA and RNA? | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is double-stranded, contains the sugar deoxyribose, and has thymine as one of its bases. RNA (ribonucleic acid) is single stranded, contains the sugar ribose, and has uracil instead of thymine. |
| What is the primary functions of DNA and RNA? | DNA stores and transmits genetic information, while RNA translate genetic information from DNA synthesize proteins. |
| List the main parts of a eukaryotic cell? | |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell, holds DNA |
| Cytoplasm | Cytosol+ Organelles, between cell membrane and nuclear membrane |
| Cell membrane | Skin of the cell controls entry and exit |
| Mitochondria | Cell powerplant |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Makes proteins for export, detoxifies drugs and stores calcium |
| Golgi apparatus | Shipping and receiving, of substances to the outside of the cell, gift wraps proteins, fats and carbs |
| Lysosomes | Garbage man of the cell. Kills germs and gets rid of worn out organelles |
| Ribosomes | reads m-RNA and makes protein (translates) |
| Peroxisomes | Makes hydrogen peroxides and helps break down fats |
| Nucleolus | Part of the nucleus that reads DNA and makes mRNA(transcription) |
| Flagella | Long hair that helps cells like sperm swim |
| Cilia | Short hairs that move substances along the cell surface |
| Cytoskeleton | Give the cell it's shape |
| Centrosome | Backbone of the cytoskeleton and has a role in the cell reproduction |
Created by:
maxnin9737
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