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ANAT 711 MSK misc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what palpable structure of the back is able to be felt at the bottom of the neck | vertebra prominens |
| inferior border of suboccipital triangle | obliquus capitis inferior m. |
| lateral border of suboccipital triangle | obliquus capitis superior m. |
| superior border of suboccipital triangle | rectus capitis posterior major m. |
| the two enlargements of the spinal cord | cervical and lumbosacral |
| which is the outermost layer of the spinal cord mater, tough, extends to spinal n. | dura |
| which is the second layer of the spinal cord mater | arachnoid |
| which is the innermost layer of the spinal cord mater | pia |
| surrounded by dura mater, epidural space is just outside the dura, spinal nerves in this area have to travel further | cauda equina |
| herniated discs occur when this seeps into the anulus fibrosis | nucleus pulposus |
| which type of herniated disc affects spinal nerves | posterolateral |
| which type of herniated disc affects the spinal cord and everything below it | central |
| which region of the spinal cord are herniated discs more complicated in | lumbosacral |
| which meningeal space is described as a spiderweb | subdural |
| acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral | shoulder joints |
| strong joint, unlikely to break, anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, articular discs between bones, costoclavicular ligament, blood supply - int. thoracic and suprascapular arteries, innervation - med. suprascapular n. and n. to subclavius | sternoclavicular joint |
| coracoacromial ligament and coracoid process - coracoacromial arch, superior transverse ligament of scapula spans across scapular notch, acromioclavicular ligament provides stability, scapular notch - suprascapular a. above and suprascapular n. below | acromioclavicular joint |
| joint; blood supply - suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries; innervation - lateral pectoral, axillary, and cutaneous lateral supraclavicular n. | acromioclavicular joint |
| glenoid labrum creates the union between the bones; flexible; commonly used; most mobile; blood supply - anterior and posterior circumflex humeral a. and suprascapular a. branches; innervation - suprascapular, axillary, and lateral pectoral nerves | glenohumeral joint |
| weakest point in the glenohumeral joint because there's no m. to support it, dislocation would move it posteriorly and laterally before rolling forward | lowest point of joint capsule |
| made up of teres major, teres minor, and triceps long head muscles; contains circumflex humeral a. | triangular space |
| made up of teres major, teres minor, triceps long head, and humerus; contains axillary n. and posterior circumflex humeral a. | quadrangular space |
| made up of long head of triceps, lateral head of triceps, and teres major muscles; contains radial n. and profunda brachial a. | triangular interval |
| makes up the posterior wall of the axillary region | subscapularis m. and scapula |
| makes up the medial wall of the axillary region | serratus anterior m. |
| contents of the axillary sheath | axillary a., axillary v., and cords of brachial plexus |
| where do the anterior group of the axillary (pectoral) lymph nodes receive lymph from | anterior and lateral thoracic walls |
| where does the lymph from the anterior group of axillary lymph nodes drain into | central nodes |
| which nodes are the sentinel nodes for malignant breast cancer | pectoral nodes |
| what amount of the pectoral lymph nodes drain into the pectoral nodes -> central nodes -> apical nodes -> and into the venous system | 3/4 |
| what amount of the pectoral lymph nodes medially drain into the parasternal node which allows for communication with the other side | 1/4 |
| boundaries of the scapular notch | superior transverse ligament of scapula and scapula |
| structures of the scapular notch | suprascapular a. and n. |
| medial border of the scapular notch | scapula |
| structures of the medial border of the scapular notch | dorsal scapular a. and n. |
| which two veins form the median cubital v. | basilic and cephalic |
| which structures run deep to the bicipital aponeurosis | median n. and brachial a. |
| humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar joints | synovial joints of elbow |
| articulation between trochlea of humerus and trochlea of ulna | humeroulnar joint |
| articulation between capitulum of humerus and head of radius | humeroradial joint |
| articulation between heads of radius and radial notch of ulna | proximal radioulnar joint |
| two ligaments, radial and ulnar, provide reinforcement for the capsule | joint capsule of elbow |
| holds the head of radius to proximal notch of ulna, strong | annual ligaments |
| if this ligament becomes loose the radius will become displaced | annular ligament of radius |
| at what age(s) do kid's ligaments develop | 5 or 6 |
| area that allows us to assess for signs of a scaphoid fracture | anatomical snuff box |
| condylar, biaxial, hinge | joints of wrist and hand |
| carpometacarpal joints, carpometacarpal joint of thumb, midcarpal joints, and radiocarpal joint | condylar joints |
| type of joint; metacarpophalangeal joints, metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb, interphalangeal joint of thumb | biaxial joints |
| type of joint, distal interphalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints | hinge joints |
| flexor digitorum profundus m. acts on these joints | distal interphalangeal joints |
| flexor digitorum superficialis m. acts on these joints | proximal interphalangeal joints |
| So long, pinky, here comes the thumb (name the bone that the uppercased letter stands for) | scaphoid |
| so Long, pinky, here comes the thumb (name the bone that the uppercased letter stands for) | lunate |
| so long, Pinky, here comes the thumb (name the bone that the uppercased letter stands for) | pisiform |
| so long, pinky, Here comes the thumb (name the bone that the uppercased letter stands for) | hamate |
| so long, pinky, here Comes the thumb (name the bone that the uppercased letter stands for) | capitate |
| so long, pinky, here comes The thumb (name the bone that the uppercased letter stands for) | trapezoid |
| so long, pinky, here comes the Thumb (name the bone that the uppercased letter stands for) | trapezium |
| which carpal bone is deep to the pisiform | triquetrium |
| adduction - f. carpi ulnaris, e. carpi ulnaris; abduction - f. carpi radialis, e. carpi radialis longus & brevis; flexion - f. carpi radialis, f. carpi ulnaris, digit flexors; extension -e. carpi radialis longus & brevis, e. carpi ulnaris, digit extensors | movements at radiocarpal joint |
| adduction - palmar interossei (PAD), abduction - dorsal interossei (DAB), flexion - lumbricals and interossei, extension - extensor digitorum | movements at metacarpalphalangeal joints |
| flexion - f. digitorum superficialis (PIP joint), f. digitorum profundus (DIP joint); extension - lumbricals, interossei, e. digitorum | movements at interphalangeal joints |
| creates a bridge and has an opening called the carpal tunnel | flexor retinaculum |
| which carpal bones does the flexor retinaculum span between | pisiform and scaphoid |
| created by flexor retinaculum; contains - median n., 4 tendons of f. digitorum superficialis (FDS), 4 tendons of f. digitorum profundus (FDP), and tendon of f. pollicis longus m. (FPL) | carpal tunnel |
| this and the flexor retinaculum make up the ulnar tunnel which contains the ulnar a. and n. | palmar carpal ligament |
| considered part of the carpal tunnel, f. carpi radialis goes through this | passage for f. carpi radialis tendon |
| what fits in the acetabulum of hip bones | head of femur |
| where breaks in the hip occur, fixed with a rod | intertrochanteric line |
| located anterior and superior to hip joint capsule, strongest ligament in the body, prevents hyperextension of the hip | iliofemoral ligament |
| located anterior and inferior to the hip joint capsule, prevents hyperabduction | pubofemoral ligament |
| located posterior to hip joint capsule, weakest ligament in the area, muscles located posterior to the joint are more mechanically advantaged than those anterior to the joint thus balancing the weak ligament | ischiofemoral ligament |
| between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic bone, neurovasculature travels deep to it | inguinal ligament |
| secures the head of the femur to the hip, blood loss can occur if impacted | ligament of head of femur |
| structure that's made up of 3 combined tendons and flexes the knee | pes anserinus |
| wraps around the muscles of the anteromedial thigh to keep them in their compartments | fascia of anteromedial thigh |
| blends in with the gluteal region and goes into the lower limb | iliotibial tract |
| superior border - inguinal ligament; lateral border - sartorius m.; medial border - adductor longus m.; floor - adductor longs, pectineus, and iliopsoas mm. | femoral triangle |
| contains the the great saphenous v. | saphenous opening |
| begins at the apex of the femoral triangle and extends to the adductor hiatus | adductor canal |
| ant. and lat. border - vastus medialis m.; post. border - adductors longus and magnus mm.; med. border (roof) - sartorius m. | adductor canal |
| opening within adductor magnus m. | adductor hiatus |
| inserts on the lateral aspect of the tibia | iliotibial tract |
| boundaries - greater sciatic notch, sacrospinous ligament, and sacrum | greater sciatic foramen |
| boundaries - lesser sciatic notch, sacrospinous ligament, and sacrotuberous ligament | lesser sciatic foramen |
| ligament that runs over piriformis and gemelli mm. | sacrotuberous ligament |
| boundaries - semitendinosus m., semimembranosus m., gastrocnemius m. heads, biceps femoris m. | popliteal fossa |
| has anterior and posterior tubercles, uncinate process (ridge around body), foramen transversum (C1-C6 have both vertebral a. and v. going through this but C7 just has vertebral v.) | cervical vertebrae |
| atlas | C1 |
| axis | C2 |
| occipital bone and atlas come together on the superior articular facet | atlanto-occipital joint |
| allows nodding to occur, has no body | atlas |
| allows for shaking head, has a dens | axis |
| anterior articular facet and superior articular facet of axis connect to inferior articular facet and facet for dens of atlas | atlantoaxial joint |
| starts on the external occipital protuberance and inserts along the tips of the spinous processes | nuchal ligament |
| the med. and lat. condyles of what bone articulate with the med. and lat. condyles of the femur | tibia |
| what bone does the patella articulate with | femur |
| which bone does not have any contributions to the knee joint | fibula |
| what in the knee helps with stability, preventing abduction and adduction, and allows for anterior and posterior movement | ligaments |
| attaches from femur to head of fibula, a.k.a. fibular collateral ligament | lateral collateral ligament |
| attaches from femur to tibia, a.k.a. tibial collateral ligament | medial collateral ligament |
| made up of quadricep muscles' tendons, goes over the knee and attaches to tibial tuberosity, holds patella in place | patellar ligament |
| spans across the posterior knee | oblique popliteal ligament |
| attaches on head of fibula and will blend with oblique popliteal ligament, posterior knee | arcuate popliteal ligament |
| prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly and the tibia from sliding anteriorly, prevents hyperextension of knee, limits med. rotation of femur when foot is on the ground and leg is fixed | anterior cruciate ligament |
| prevents femur from sliding anteriorly and tibia from sliding posteriorly when knee is flexed | posterior cruciate ligament |
| which cruciate ligament is more commonly torn | anterior |
| smaller meniscus, cushions joint | medial |
| bigger meniscus so femur and tibia have more space to come together, cushions joint | lateral |
| close together, if something happened to one it would affect the other | medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament |
| there is an open space between them, if something happened to one, the other would be spared | lateral meniscus and lateral collateral ligament |
| what will be the movement of the bones of the knee after the lateral aspects of the tibia and femur have met up, will cause the medial aspects to connect | medial rotation |
| anterior cruciate ligament, tibial collateral ligament, and medial meniscus | contents of unhappy triad |
| where the fibularis brevis tendon attaches in the foot | tuberosity of 5th metatarsal |
| calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and lateral cuneiform | bones of ankle |
| allows for passage of flexor digitorum longus tendons | sustentaculum tali |
| found on the bottom of the 1st toe, aid in how we walk and distribute weight | sesamoids |
| made up of tibia, fibula, and talus | talocrural joint |
| made up of posterior talofibular, anterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular ligaments | lateral collateral ligament |
| made up of anterior tibitalar, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, and posterior tibiotalar ligaments | medial collateral ligament |
| also called the deltoid ligament, impacted by rolling your ankle | medial collateral ligament |
| weight is divided evenly between legs, when it gets to the ankle the weight on each leg is distributed to talus and metatarsals because of what | arches of foot |
| arch formed by calcaneus, navicular, cuneiforms, and 1st and 2nd metatarsals | medial longitudinal arch |
| arch formed by cuneiforms and cuboid | transverse arch |
| arch formed by calcaneus, cuboid, lateral cuneiform, and 5th metatarsal | lateral longitudinal arch |
| shape of the arch of the foot are (passive/dynamic) | passive |
| staples of the arch of the foot are (passive/dynamic) | passive |
| tie beams of the arch of the foot are (passive/dynamic) | dynamic |
| slings of the arch of the foot are (passive/dynamic) | dynamic |
| keystone of transverse arch of foot | intermediate cuneiform |
| keystone of medial longitudinal arch of foot | talus |
| keystone of lateral longitudinal arch of foot | cuboid |
| staple of lateral longitudinal arch of foot | long plantar ligament |
| staple of transverse arch of foot | plantar calcaneocuboid ligament |
| staple of medial longitudinal arch of foot | plantar calcaneonavicular |
| tie beam of transverse arch of foot | adductor hallucis m. |
| tie beam of medial and lateral longitudinal arches of foot | plantar aponeurosis |
| slings of medial longitudinal arch of foot (3) | tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, and flexor hallucis longus tendons |
| sling of lateral longitudinal arch of foot | fibularis longus tendon |
| flat feet | pes planus |
| high-arched feet | pes cavus |
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