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Human Anatomy 1.4
Tissue
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tissue | A group of cells that function together, |
| Epithelial tissue | Covers body surface, and lines organs, cavities, and ducts. Single layer, closely packed, |
| Connective tissue | Protects and supports body and organs, stores energy, provides immunity. Abundant, support and strengthen other tissues, insulates. |
| Muscular tissue | Physical force for movement, generates body heat. |
| Nervous tissue | Detects changes and responds by sending nerve impulses that help control the body. |
| Cell junctions | Points of contact between membranes. |
| Tight cell junction | Tight seal prevents passage between cells. Compromise inner lining of stomach, intestines, bladder. |
| Adheres cell junction | Fasten too each other, prevent separation. |
| Desmosomes | Anchor to each other. Help the cells not pull apart from contraction. |
| Hemidesmosomes | Anchor to basement. |
| Gap cell junctions | Create passage way. In nervous system, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. |
| Simple squamous epithelium | Wear and tear, diffusion and filtration. (lung alveoli, kidneys) Single layer of cells, squished. |
| Stratified squamous epithelium | Protects wear and tear. (skin, mouth) Two or more layers of cells, squished. |
| Simple cuboidal | Secretion and absorption. (kidneys, ducts, glands) Single layer of cells, cube shaped. |
| Stratified cuboidal | Rare. Provides protection. (ducts, glands) Two or more layers of cells, cube shaped. |
| Simple columnar | Have cilia or microvilli. (respiratory passageways, small intestines) Single layer of cells, tall and cylindrical. |
| Stratified columnar | Rare. Protection and secretion. (ducts, glands) Two or more layers of cells, tall and cylindrical. |
| Pseudostratified columnar | Secretions or movement. (respiratory passageways) Single layer that looks like more than one layer, tall and cylindrical. |
| Transitional epithelium | Undergo changes in shape. (urinary bladder) |
| Areolar loose connective tissue | Provides strength, elasticity, and support. Has all fibers, in blood vessels, skin. Has fibroblasts and macrophage cells. |
| Adipose loose connective tissue | White insulates, stores energy, supports and protects organs. Brown generates heat. Has adipocytes. |
| Reticular loose connective tissue | Binds cells together from smooth muscle tissue, framework of organs . Contains reticular fibers and cells. |
| Dense regular dense connective tissue | Strong attachment between various structures. Fibroblasts and collagen fibers, forms tendons and ligaments. |
| Dense irregular dense connective tissue | Provides strength. Fibroblasts and collagen fibers, in dermis, periosteum, heart valves. |
| Elastic dense connective tissue | Provides elasticity and strength. Fibroblasts and elastic fibers, on walls of elastic arteries and lung tissue. |
| Blood connective tissue Erythrocytes | Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. (red blood cells) |
| Blood connective tissue Leukocytes | Immunity and allergic reactions. (white blood cells) |
| Blood connective tissue Platelets | Blood clotting. |
| Blood connective tissue Lymph | Fluid in lymphatic vessels. |
| Mucous membrane | Lines cavities open to exterior. (intestines) Forms barrier against microbes, prevents dehydration, traps pathogens. Moist membrane. |
| Serous membrane | Lines cavities not open to exterior in body cavities. (lungs, stomach) Reduces friction between organs and walls. Forms pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum. |
| Synovial membrane | Lines joint cavities and tendons. Reduces friction during movements. |
| Skeletal muscle tissue | Attached to bones, are long cells, have voluntary movemnet. |
| Cardiac muscle tissue | Around heart, cells have discs, has involuntary movement. (heart beating) |
| Smooth muscle tissue | Around internal organs, spindle shaped cells, involuntary movement. (digesting food) |
| Neurons | Converts stimuli into nerve impulses, and sends messages to neurons, muscle fibers, or glands. |
| Neuroglia | Provides protection and support to neurons. |
| Dentrites | Receives signals from neurons (looks like fingers) |
| Axon | Sends impulses to other neurons. (looks like rope) |
| Collagen fibers connective tissue | Strength and flexability. |
| Elastic fibers connective tissue | Strength and elasticity. |
| Reticular fibers connective tissue | Strength and support. |
| Hyaline cartilage connective tissue | Flexibility and support, reduces friction and absorbs shocks. Abundant but weakest cartilage. In long bones, nose, trachea. Contains fine, non visible collagen fibers. |
| Fibrocartilage connective tisssue | Provides strength, rigidity, flexibility, and support. Strongest cartilage. In intervertebral discs, knee menisci. Contains visible collagen fibers. |
| Elastic cartilage connective tissue | Maintains shape, provides strength and elasticity. Contains elastic fibers. In epiglottis, external ear. |
| Bone connective tissue | Helps generate movement, support, protect, store minerals, house red marrow and yellow marrow. |
| Compact dense bone | Composed of osteons in concentric ring of matrix called lamellae. Osteons contain central canal. |
| Spongy cancellous bone | Consists of trabeculae and red bone marrow. |
| Extracellular matrix (ECM) | Located in spaces between connective tissue cells, composed of fibers and ground substance. (Spacious) |
| Cartilage connective tissue | Contains cells that maintain ECM and produce cartilage matrix. Gelatinous matrix with collagen and elastic fibers. Avascular, heals slowly. Lacks nerves. Covered in dense irregular connective tissue. |
| Cutaneous membrane | Dry membrane that forms skin. Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and thick connective tissue. |
Created by:
LaurenNeer
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