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Human Anatomy 2

The Endocrine System

TermDefinition
What hormones / glands are in the anterior pituitary? Growth hormone (GH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Prolactin gland (PRL), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
Growth hormone (GH) locations and function. Cartilage, bone, skeletal muscles, liver, tissue. Stimulates secretion of hormones for body growth and metabolism.
Thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) locations and function. Thyroid gland. Stimulates growth of thyroid gland and secretions of its hormones.
Follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) locations and function. Testes and ovaries. Stimulates sperm production for men. Stimulates oocyte production and estrogen secretion for women.
Luteinizing hormones (LH) locations and function. `Testes and ovaries. Stimulates secretion of testosterone for men. Triggers ovulation, stimulates secretion of estrogen and progesterone for women.
Prolactin gland (PRL) locations and function. Mammary glands. Stimulates production and secretion of milk.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) locations and function. Adrenal cortex. Stimulates secretion and hormones by adrenal cortex.
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) locations and function. Skin. Darkens skin pigmentation.
What hormones / glands are in the posterior pituitary? Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin gland (OT).
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) locations and function. Kidneys. Decrease water loss, decrease urine production from kidneys, increase reabsorption of water into blood.
Oxytocin gland (OT) locations and function. Uterus and mammary glands. Stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection during suckling.
What hormones / glands are in the thyroid? T3 , T4, and calcitonin.
T3 and T4 locations and function. Most body cells. Increase metabolism and BMR.
Calcitonin locations and function. Osteoclast cells in bones. Decrease blood calcium levels.
What hormones / glands are in the parathyroid? Parathyroid hormones (PTH).
Parathyroid hormones (PTH) locations and function. Osteoclast cells in bones. Increases blood calcium levels, break down bone matrix.
What hormones / glands are in the adrenal cortex? Zona glomerulus, Zona fasciculata, Zona reticularis., Aldosterone, Androgens (DHEA)
Zona glomerulus locations and function. Kidneys. Increase reabsorption of sodium and water into blood.
Zona fasciculata locations and function. Liver, muscle, defense cells. Increase resistance to stress and blood glucose levels, decrease inflammation.
Zona reticularis locations and function. Uterus, mammary glands, sex cells. Insignificant in males; increase sex drive in women.
What hormones / glands are in adrenal medulla? Epinephrine (NE) and Norepinephrine (NE).
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (NE) locations and function. Fight-or-flight
What hormones / glands are in the pancreas? Insulin and Glucagon.
Insulin locations and function. Most body cells. Decreases blood glucose levels by transporting into body cells.
Glucagon locations and function. Liver. Increase blood glucose levels by having liver break down glycogen into glucose.
What hormones / glands are in the ovaries? Estrogen and Progesterone.
Estrogen and progesterone locations and function. Uterus, mammary glands, female sex cells. Stimulates development, helps regulate menstrual cycles.
What hormones / glands are in the testes? Testosterone.
Testosterone locations and function. Testes, muscle, male sex cells. Stimulates development, male sex drive, regulates sperm.
What hormones / glands are in the Pineal? Melatonin.
Melatonin locations and function. Brain. Helps set biological clock.
What hormones / glands are in the thymus? Thymosin.
Thymosin locations and function. T cells, white blood cells used in immune response. Promotes the maturation of T cells for the immune response.
What is NOT hormonous? Exocrine glands.
Endocrine glands Short bursts, maintain homeostasis, prevent over or under production.
Thyroid glands Increase BMR, maintain body temp, protein synthesis, increase glucose and fat for ATP production.
Anterior Pituitary glands Secretion of hormones.
Posterior pituitary glands Do NOT synthesis hormones
Hypothalumus Major link between nervous and endocrine system. Secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that influence the pituitary glands.
Pancreatic islets Arranged in clusters called acini.
Acini Produce digestive enzymes that deliver to the gastrointestinal tract.
4 types of pancreatic islet cells Alpha, Beta, Delta, F.
Alpha cells Glucagon, increases blood glucose consentration.
Beta cells Insulin, decreases blood glucose concentraion.
Delta cells Somatostatin, secretion of glucose and insulin.
F cells pancreatic polypeptide, secretion of somatostatin, pancreatic digestive enzymes, and gallbladder contraction.
NOT a part of endocrine but produce hormones Skin, GI tract, Placenta, Kidneys, Heart, Adipose tissue.
Pituitary gland location Hanging off the brain, attached to the infundibulum, which is attached to the hypothalamus.
Thyroid gland location Butterfly-shaped, and behind trachea in throat. Right and left lobe connected together by isthmus.
Parathyroid gland location On the back of the thyroid gland, one is towards top, another is towards bottom.
Adrenal gland location On top of kidneys.
Pancreatic islets Both endocrine and exocrine.
Pineal gland location Towards the back of the brain, near branch.
Thymus gland location Behind sternum, in between lungs.
Created by: LaurenNeer
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