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Thorax Uddin
Anatomy Thorax 1/1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the floor or thoracic outlet is made of what? | diaphragm |
the superior opening of the thorax is called? | thoracic inlet |
the thoracic inlet boundaries are what? | manubrium, 1st thoracic vertebra, and 1st ribs |
the thoracic cavity contains the primary organs of what 2 systems? | respiratory and cardiovascular |
what 2 muscles are not included in the thoracic wall? | pec major and minor |
what are the functions of the thoracic dome? | protection, resist negative pressure, provide attachment for and support the weight of the upper limb |
how many pairs of ribs and vertebrae make up the thoracic wall? | 12 of each |
pectus excavatum is characterized by what? | concave depression of the anterior chest wall |
what can cause pectus excavatum? | pressure on the chest during development, abnormal diaphragm position, abnormal connective tissue production |
what is the presentation of pectus carinatum? | protrusion of the sternum and costal cartilages |
what can cause pectus carinatum? | abnormal cartilage or sternal growth, connective tissue disorders |
what are associated diseases of pectus carinatum? | scoliosis and congenital heart disease |
multiple double rib fractures can result in what? | flail chest: unstable chest wall |
thoracic outlet syndrome will most effect what 2 nerves? | median and ulnar |
thoracic outlet syndrome may put pressure on what 2 vascular structures? | subclavian artery and vien |
ribs can be classified in what 3 catagories? | true, false, and floating |
what are the true ribs? | 1-7 |
what are the false ribs? | 8, 9, 10 |
what are the floating ribs? | 11 and 12 |
which ribs are atypical? | 1,2, 10-12 |
what is the least likely rib to be fractured? | 1st |
displacement of costal cartilage from the sternum is called ? | dislocation of the rib |
displacement of the rib from costal cartilage is called? | separation of ribs |
surgical creation of an opening through the thoracic wall is called? | thoracotomy |
resection of the ribs or their replacement with an inward convexity device intended to decrease thoracic volume is called ? | thoracoplasty |
what is a complication with thoracoplasty? | restriction in ventilation |
what are the 3 parts of the sternum? | manubrium, sternum, and xiphiod process |
the joint between the manubrium and sternum is commonly called what ? | angle of louis |
the angle of louis indicates what rib level? | 2 |
the angle of louis is located at which vertebrae level? | T4 |
the xiphiod process is located at which vertebrae level? | T10 |
the xiphiod process indicates the superior limit of what organ? and inferior border of what organ? | liver; heart |
a fracture of the sternum is what type? | comminuted-broken into many pieces |
what is performed to gain access to the thoracic cavity for coronary artery grafting or to remove a superior lung tumor? | median sternotomy |
disease that effects the mobility of the chest wall; chronic inflammatory disease effecting joints of the axial skeleton | ankylosing spondylitis |
the vertical dimension increase due to what? | contraction of the diaphragm |
the AP and X-diminsions increase due to what? | rise of anterior and lateral part of the ribs |
what causes the ribs to move during normal respiration? | external intercostal muscles |
each half of the diaphragm is innervated by what nerve? | phrenic- one for each side |
during normal respiration the hemi-diaphragms move which way? | inferiorly and flattens |
if there is damage to the phrenic nerve which way will the diaphragm move when breathing in? | superiorly |
where does lymph above the clavicle drain into? | the inferior jugular lymph nodes |
where does parietal lymph below the clavicle drain into? | the axillary lymph nodes |
the jugular notch is located at what vertebrae level? | T2 |
the manubrium is located at what vertebrae level? | T3 & T4 |
what is used for locating the proper hand position for CPR? | infrasternal angle |
what direction do the external intercostal muscles run? | inferomedialy |
what muscles elevate the ribs during normal inspiration? | external intercostal muscles |
what accessory muscles are used during forced inspiration? | sternoclatomastoid and scalene muscles |
the internal intercostal muscles run in what direction? | inferoposteriorly |
what do the nerves and veins in the thoracic wall run between? | internal and innermost intercostal muscles |
if making an incision into the pleural cavity what would you find deep to the innermost intercostal muscles? | endothoracic fascia |
what lies deep to the endothoracic fascia and lines the inside of the thoracic cavity? | parietal pleura |
what order do the artery vein and nerve lie in? | VAN: vein, artery, nerve |
where should injections in the thoracic cavity be given? | in the middle to avoid the nerves |
posterior intercostal arteries supply which intercostal spaces? | 3-11 |
the subcostal artery supplies what area of the thoracic cavity | area below the 12th rib |
the superior intercostal artery supplies which intercostal spaces | 1 and 2 |
what branches off the aorta supply the thoracic wall? | posterior intercostals and subcostal artery |
the anterior intercostal veins drain into what? | internal thoracic veins |
the posterior intercostal veins drain into what? | azygos veins |
the right azygos vein drains into what? | superior vena cava |
the left hemiazygos and left accessory hemiazygos vein drain into what? | right azygos vein |
the anterior rami of T1-T11 form what nerves? | intercostal nerves |
where are the typical intercostal nerves? | 3rd to 6th intercostal nerves |
near the angle of the rib the nerves move from within the endothoraic fascia into ? | between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles |
where do the collateral branches in the thoracic wall originate? | the sharpest angel of the rib |
where are the atypical intercostal nerves? | 1st, 2nd, 7th-11th |
what branches does the 1st intercostal nerve lack? | anterior and lateral branches |
what intercostal nerve gives rise to the intercostalbrachial nerve? | 2nd |
the 7th through 11th intercostal nerves are atypical why? | they supply the abdomen as well as the thorax |
what is a herpes zoster infection of the spinal ganglia also called? | shingles |