Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A & P Chapter 10
Sense organs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Part of the ear that most often gets an infection | external ear |
| The tympanic membrane is the link between the external ear and this structure | middle ear |
| This is the structure for the hearing portion of the ear | cochlea |
| These are the structures for maintaining equilibrium in the ear | vestibule and semicircular canals |
| What four processes contribute to nociception? | transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception |
| The first step in nociception; conversion of a pain stimulus to a nerve impulse | transduction |
| The changing of the sensory nerve impulse in the spinal cord, impulse can be amplified or suppressed | modulation |
| The second step of nociception, nerve impulse is transmitted up the sensory nerve fibers to the spinal cord | transmission |
| The last step of nociception that occurs in the cerebral cortex | perception |
| pain affecting the skin and subcutaneous areas | superficial pain |
| pain involving muscles and joints | deep pain |
| sharp and intense pain with a shorter duration | acute pain |
| pain relating to internal organs | visceral pain |
| dull and aching pain lasting a longer duration | chronic pain |
| The sense of body position and movement | proprioception |
| The sense of taste is also called | gustatory sense |
| Where are taste buds located? | most are located on elevated structures called papillae on the tongue; some can be found in the lining of the mouth and pharynx |
| The sense of smell is also called | olfactory sense |
| What are the four general types of stimuli? | Mechanical, Thermal, Electromagnetic, and chemical |
| What are the general senses? | visceral sensations, touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception |
| What are visceral sensations? | hunger, thirst, hollow-organ fullness; chemical and mechanical |
| Touch is also known as | tactile sense |
| This part of the ear contains the actual sensory receptors that convert the mechanical vibrations to nerve impulses | inner ear |
| This part of the ear amplifies and transmits the vibrations form the eardrum to the inner ear | middle ear |
| This part of the ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum | external ear |
| A mechanical sense that converts vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain as sound | auditory sense |
| Hearing is also called | auditory sense |
| What type of sense is taste? | chemical |
| What type of sense if smell? | chemical |
| An accessory portion of the olfactory sense involved in social and reproductive communication by way of externally secreted chemical substances called pheromones | vomeronasal organ |
| What are nociceptors? | pain receptors, not present in the brain |
| What are the two types of temperature receptors? | superficial and central |
| What are the parts of the external ear? | pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane |
| What are the parts of the middle ear? | malleus, incus, stapes, and opening of the eustachian tube |
| How is the middle ear involved in the hearing process? | ossicles act as a system of levers that transmit the sound wave vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea; they decrease the amplitude but increase the force of the wave |
| A tiny muscle that attaches to the malleus and adjusts the tension of the tympanic membrane to help deaden the transmission of extremely loud sound vibrations to the cochlea | tensor tympani |
| A tiny muscle that restricts the movement of the stapes in response to loud sounds | stapedius |
| Connects the middle ear cavity to the pharynx; equalizes the air pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane | eustachian tube (auditory tube) |
| What are the structures of the inner ear? | cochlea and organ of Corti |
| A snail shell shaped spiral cavity in the temporal bone that is considered the hearing portion of the inner ear | cochlea |
| A fluid filled portion of the inner ear that makes up receptor organ of hearing; it lines the cochlea | Organ of Corti |
| A fluid that fills the cochlear duct within the organ of Corti | endolymph |
| A fluid that fills a U-shaped tube that lies on either side of the cochlear duct | perilymph |
| A shelf in which the organ of Corti runs along the cochlear duct; contains hair cells, supporting cells and the tectorial membrane | basilar membrane |
| What is the purpose to the round window of the inner ear? | pressure release |
| A mechanical sense that helps the animal maintain balance by keeping track of the position and movements of the head | equilibrium |
| What are the structures in the inner ear that maintain equilibrium? | Vestibule and semicircular canals |
| Receptors in the hypothalamus that keep track of the core temperature of the body | central temperature receptors |
| Receptors in the skin that detect changes in skin temperature | superficial temperature receptors |
| A small, skeletal muscles attached to the sclera and are capable of a wide range of movements | eye muscles |
| Tears drain into the nasal cavity through the ______. | nasolacrimal duct |
| What are the 3 main layers of tear? | inner mucous layer, middle tear layer, and outer oily layer |
| Which tear layer comes from the tarsal/meibomian gland and reduces evaporation of underlying tear layers | outer oily layer |
| Which tear layer comes form cells in the conjunctiva and contains antibacterial substances? | inner mucous layer |
| Which tear layer comes from lacrimal gland and keeps the cornea moist? | middle tear layer |
| From the lacrimal puncta on each side, the tears flow down two small ducts to the ______. | lacrimal sacs |
| Small openings, one each in the upper and lower eyelids margins, drain the tears away from the surface of the each eye | lacrimal puncta |
| The structure that produce and secret tears and drain tears away from the surface of the eye | lacrimal apparatus |
| A T-shaped plate of cartilage covered by conjunctiva, with no muscle attachment and contains lymph nodes and accessory lacrimal glands (tear glands) on the ocular surface | nictitating membrane |
| Tiny opening found along the eyelid margin that produce a waxy substance to prevent tears from overflowing onto the face | tarsal glands or meibomian glands |
| The corners where the eyelids come together is called | lateral and medial canthus |
| The upper and lower folds of skin, lined by conjunctiva | eyelids |
| The space between the bulbar and palpebral portions of the conjunctiva | conjunctival sac |
| The portion of the conjunctiva lining the eyelids | palpebral conjunctiva |
| The portion of the conjunctiva covering the front of the eyeball | bulbar conjunctiva |
| A thin, transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball and lines the interior surfaces of the eyelids | conjunctiva |
| What are the 4 refractive media in the eye that help form a clear upside-down image on the retina? | cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor |
| What are the two photoreceptor cells in the retina? | rods (light sensitive) and cones (color sensitive) |
| The "blind spot" of the eye; the site where nerve fibers on the inside of the retina converge and leave the eye to form the optic nerve | optic disc |
| What are the multilayers of the retina? | pigment layer, photoreceptor layer, bipolar cell layer, ganglion cell layer, and nerve fiber layer |
| A multilayered structure that lines most of the vitreous component of the eye | retina |
| What structure helps the lens in the process of accommodation? | ciliary body |
| The structure of the eye that contains soft, translucent layers of fibers, is elastic and biconvex | lens |
| The structure of the eye that helps focus a clear image on the retina through a process called accommodation | lens |
| The process whereby the shape of the lens changes to allow close-up and distant vision | accommodation |
| What is formed if fluid is not able to drain out of the anterior chamber of the eye? | glycoma |
| A ring-like structure that drains the aqueous humor once in the anterior chamber | canal of Schlemm |
| Part of the aqueous compartment behind the iris | posterior chamber |
| Part of the aqueous compartment in front of the iris; the only part of the eye's interior we can see without special instruments | anterior chamber |
| The aqueous compartment is subdivided into two parts by the iris and are called _______ and _______. | anterior and posterior chambers |
| The clear fluid with the consistency of soft gelatin located in the vitreous compartment | vitreous humor |
| The clear watery fluid in the aqueous compartment | aqueous humor |
| The compartment behind the lens and ciliary body that contains a clear fluid with the consistency of soft gelatin | vitreous compartment |
| The compartment in front of the lens and ciliary body that contains a clear, watery fluid | aqueous compartment |
| The caudal interior surface of the eye | fundus |
| This structure attaches the ciliary body to the periphery of the lens | suspensory ligament |
| This structure is one component of the fundus, contains rods and cones, and sensory receptors for vision | retina |
| A ring-shaped structure behind the iris that contains tiny muscles that adjust the shape of the lens to allow near and far vision | ciliary body |
| Opening in the center of the iris | pupil |
| The color portion of the eye that controls the amount of light that enters the eye | iris |
| A highly reflective area in the rear of the eye that helps animals see at night; Not found in swine | tapetum lucidum |
| This structure lies between the sclera and the retina and consist mainly of pigment and blood vessels | choroid |
| The junction of the cornea and sclera | limbus |
| The white of the eye | sclera |
| Which part of the eye has no blood vessels but many pain receptors? | cornea |
| The transparent window that admits light to the interior of the eye | cornea |
| This structure generates nerve impulses that give the brain information about motion of the head, particularly rotary motion | semicircular canals |
| This structure gives the brain information about the position of the head | vestibule |
| An inflammation of the skin of the external ear canal caused by parasites such as ear mites, or microorganisms such as bacteria or yeast | otitis externa |
Created by:
ngriner
Popular Anatomy sets