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ANAT 711 bc n, a, v
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what marks where the arch of the aorta begins and ends | sternal angle |
| two sources of arteries of thoracic wall | thoracic aorta and internal thoracic aa. |
| a. that terminates as musculophrenic a. and superior epigastric a. | internal thoracic a. |
| which arteries supply intercostal spaces | posterior and anterior intercostal aa. |
| aa. that originate from the thoracic aorta on the posterior thoracic wall | posterior intercostal aa. |
| aa. that originate as lateral branches from internal thoracic a. | anterior intercostal aa. |
| anterior intercostal vv., internal thoracic vv., brachiocephalic vv., superior intercostal vv. | venous drainage of thoracic wall |
| innervate thoracic wall, anterior rami of spinal nn., T1 to T11, lie in intercostal spaces, T12 is inferior to rib 12 | intercostal nn. |
| what two muscles do intercostal neurovasculature run between inferior to each rib in the costal groove | internal and innermost intercostal mm. |
| order of intercostal neurovasculature from superior to inferior | v., a., n. |
| n. that runs anterior to hilum of lungs, passes through the thorax to supply motor innervation to diaphragm, supplies sensory to fibrous pericardium and central tendon of diaphragm, travels with pericardiophrenic vessels, in middle mediastinum | phrenic n. |
| common carotid aa., internal jugular vv., vagus nn., phrenic nn. travel through what | superior thoracic aperture |
| aa. and vv. that travel to or from the heart, come off of superior aspect of the heart | great vessels |
| begins and ends at sternal angle; has 3 parts; gives off 3 branches: brachiocephalic a., left common carotid a., and left subcalvian a. (ABCS) | arch of aorta |
| what does the right brachiocephalic a. branch into after coming off of the arch of the aorta | right common carotid and right subclavian aa. |
| vv. formed posterior to sternoclavicular joints by union of internal jugular v. and subclavian v. | right and left brachiocephalic vv. |
| what vv. join to form superior vena cava | right and left brachiocephalic vv. |
| which brachiocephalic v. is 2x as long as the other because it passes from one side to the other at the level of the first rib | left |
| vv. that drain into brachiocephalic vv. bilaterally | inferior thyroid vv. |
| vv. that drain into superior intercostal spaces | left and right superior intercostal vv. |
| v. that drains into the SVC if IVC is blocked | azygos v. |
| n. that is bilateral, descends through thorax and forms thoracic plexuses to provide innervation to esophagus and heart before descending into abdominal cavity, in middle mediastinum, pass posterior to hilum of lungs | vagus n. |
| where does the right recurrent laryngeal n. recur before ascending into the neck through the tracheoesophageal groove | right subclavian a. |
| where does the left recurrent laryngeal n. recur before ascending into the neck through the tracheoesophageal groove, posterior to ligamentum arteriosum | aortic arch |
| branches are left anterior descending a. and left circumflex a. | left coronary a. |
| branches are posterior left ventricular a. and left marginal a. | left circumflex a. |
| branch off of the aorta to supply the external heart | left and right coronary aa. |
| branches are right marginal a., sinu-atrial nodal a., and posterior descending a. | right coronary a. |
| branch is atrioventircular nodal a. | posterior descending a. |
| for right dominant hearts where does the posterior descending a. branch off | right coronary a. |
| for left dominant hearts where does the posterior descending a. branch off | left circumflex a. |
| a. that supplies SA node, anterior external heart | sinu-atrial nodal a. |
| a. that supplies AV node, posterior external heart | atrioventricular nodal a. |
| v. that runs with left anterior descending a. on external heart, drains into coronary sinus | great cardiac v. |
| external v. that drains directly into right atrium | anterior cardiac v. |
| venous structure that drains directly into right atrium from external heart | coronary sinus |
| v. that runs with posterior left intraventricular a., drains into coronary sinus | posterior cardiac v. |
| v. that runs with posterior descending a., drains into coronary sinus | middle cardiac v. |
| v. that runs with right coronary a., drains into coronary sinus | small cardiac v. |
| right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary aa. -> lungs -> pulmonary vv. -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> body | blood flow of heart |
| houses coronary ostia/openings to right and left coronary aa. where blood is shunted to circulation of heart, similar structure to pulmonary valve with leaflets that close due to blood pressure | aortic valve |
| supplies musculature of heart for atrial and ventricular contraction; SA node -> AV node -> AV bundle -> bundle branches (left and right) -> purkinje fibers | conducting system |
| fibers that travel on the moderator band of the right atrium | purkinje fibers |
| descending aorta and branches, esophageal n. plexuses, azygos system of vv., sympathetic trunks of ANS, thoracic splanchnic nn. of ANS, and thoracic duct and associated lymph nodes | contents of posterior mediastinum |
| "blue side"; contains SVC, IVC, azygos v., thoracic sympathetic trunk | right side of mediastinum |
| v. that runs on the right side, goes over superior aspect of hilum of lung | azygos v. |
| "red side"; contains left subclavian a., arch of aorta, thoracic sympathetic trunk, descending thoracic aorta and branches | left side of mediastinum |
| begins at T4 level and is the continuation of arch of aorta; branches: right bronchial a., esophageal branches, posterior intercostal aa., superior left bronchial a., mediastinal branches | thoracic (descending) aorta |
| branch of descending aorta, supplies lung tissue | right bronchial a. |
| branches of descending aorta, supply esophagus | esophageal branches |
| branches of descending aorta, none before T3, instead there are supreme intercostal aa. | posterior intercostal aa. |
| branch of descending aorta, supplies lung tissue | superior left bronchial a. |
| branches of descending aorta, go to pericardial sac, filler aa. | mediastinal branches |
| intercostal aa. above T3, come off of subclavian a., go over vertebral column to supply left side | supreme intercostal aa. |
| venous system that serves an important anastamotic pathway capable of returning venous blood from lower part of body to heart if IVC is blocked | azygos system |
| azygos v., right and left superior intercostal vv., accessory hemi-azygos v., hemi-azygos v., right and left subcostal vv., right and left ascending lumbar vv. | parts of azygos system |
| v. of azygos system, left side, drains into azygos v. | hemi-azygos v. |
| vv. of azygos system, below rib 12 | subcostal vv. |
| vv. of azygos system that come from abdomen to communicate with azygos system superiorly and allows blood to travel to SVC if IVC is blocked | right and left ascending lumbar vv. |
| as right and left vagus nn. reach the esophagus they spread out/ramify over esophagus and form what which condenses into anterior and posterior vagal trunks | esophageal plexus |
| part of esophageal plexus, receives fibers primarily from left vagus n. | anterior vagal trunk |
| part of esophageal plexus, receives fibers primarily from right vagus n. | posterior vagal trunk |
| at what level does the inferior vena cava pass through the diaphragm | T8 |
| at what level does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm | T10 |
| at what level does the descending aorta pass through the diaphragm | T12 |
| at what level does the thoracic duct pass through the diaphragm | T12 |
| major divisions of nervous system | central and peripheral |
| divisions of peripheral nervous system | somatic and visceral |
| division of peripheral nervous system that innervates body and body walls | somatic |
| division of peripheral nervous system that innervates organs and has motor and sensory components | visceral |
| motor division of visceral nervous system is autonomic nervous system which is divided into what | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| fight or flight | sympathetic |
| rest and digest | parasympathetic |
| these and associated ganglia form two parallel cords that make up a major portion of the autonomic nervous system, highways in which sympathetic fibers are distributed throughout body cavities, beads on a string | thoracic sympathetic trunks |
| nn. in the thorax that house fibers of the sympathetic division that have not synapsed, travel outside the sympathetic trunk to innervate visceral structures (organs) | splanchnic nn. |
| splanchnic nn. that are bilateral, arise from T5-T9 ganglia, descend into abdomen | greater splanchnic n. |
| splanchnic nn. that are bilateral, arise from T10-T11 ganglia, descend into abdomen | lesser splanchnic n. |
| splanchnic nn. that are bilateral, arise from T12 ganglia, descend into abdomen | least splanchnic n. |
| greater, lesser, least, lumbar, and sacral splanchnic nn. | sympathetic splanchnic nn. |
| fibers that contribute to plexus in the pelvis, pelvic nn. are ex. | parasympathetic splanchnic nn. |
| a 25-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with dyspnea. radiologic exam reveals a tumor invading the lung surface just anterior to hilum. what n. would be compressed | phrenic n. |
| a. that is a direct continuation of internal thoracic a., runs inferiorly, runs deep with rectus abdominis m., anastamoses with inferior epigastric a. | superior epigastric a. |
| a. that is a branch of external iliac a., runs superiorly, anastamoses with superior epigastric a. | inferior epigastric a. |
| vv. that may develop or exist because of altered venous flow and exist on superficial portion of anterior abdominal wall, allow collateral circulation during blockage of IVC, within camper's fascia, bilateral, prominent with liver failure | thoracoepigastric vv. |
| n. from anterior rami of T12, supplies mm. of anterolateral abdominal wall and overlying skin, inferior to rib 12 | subcostal n. |
| n. off of L1; supplies skin overlying iliac crest, upper inguinal and hypogastric regions, internal oblique m., transversus abdominis m.; sensory to external oblique m. and transversus abdominis m. | iliohypogastric n. |
| n. that comes off of L1; supplies skin of lower inguinal region, mons pubis, anterior scrotum, labia majus, internal oblique m., transversus abdominis m.; sensory to inguinal region; runs on superficial aspect of spermatic cord | ilioinguinal n. |
| n. off of L1 and L2; supplies sensory to upper anterior thigh (has 2 branches here) and skin of mons pubis or scrotum/labia majus | genitofemoral n. |
| a. off of aorta, runs in spermatic cord | testicular a. |
| veins of spermatic cord, surrounds testicular a., provides cooling environment for sperm | pampiniform venous plexus |
| vas deferens, testicular a., pampiniform venous plexus, genital branch of genitofemoral n., lymphatic vessels, vestige of processus vaginalis | contents of spermatic cord |
| unpaired, large trunk that branches from abdominal aorta at level of T12; 3 main branches: left gastric a., common hepatic a., splenic a. | celiac trunk |
| branch of celiac trunk, descends along lesser curvature of stomach in lesser omentum, anastamoses with right a. of same name, branches give rise to esophageal aa. | left gastric a. |
| anastamose with esophageal branches of thoracic aorta, off of left gastric a. | esophageal aa. |
| branch of celiac trunk, runs on right side, 2 branches: hepatic a. proper and gastroduodenal a. | common hepatic a. |
| branch of common hepatic a., runs into hepatoduodenal ligament and has 2 branches: right and left hepatic aa. which supply the liver | hepatic a. proper |
| branch of right hepatic a. but can be variable, supplies gallbladder and cystic duct | cystic a. |
| branch of common hepatic a., has 2 branches before terminating: supraduodenal a. and anterior and posterior superior pancreaticduodenal aa., after branching it continues as right gastro-omental a. and runs along greater curvature of stomach | gastroduodenal a. |
| branch of gastroduodenal a., goes to superior aspect of duodenum | supraduodenal a. |
| branch of gastroduodenal a., travels inferiorly to pancreas and duodenum | anterior and posterior pancreaticduodenal aa. |
| bile duct, hepatic a. proper, hepatic portal v., lymphatics, n. fibers | contents of hepatoduodenal ligament |
| GI tract to liver, blood then goes to IVC | portal system |
| branch of celiac trunk, supplies spleen, anastamoses with pancreatic branches, 2 branches: short gastric aa. and left gastro-omental a. | splenic a. |
| branch of splenic a., travels to fundus and superior body of stomach | short gastric a. |
| branch of splenic a., travels along greater curvature of stomach, anastamoses with right gastro-omental a. | left gastro-omental a. |
| branch of hepatic a. proper, travels along lesser curvature of stomach, anastamoses with left gastric a. | right gastric a. |
| venous system that consists of portal v. and its tributaries, chair | portal system |
| venous system of circulation that includes IVC and its tributaries | caval system |
| off of aorta, provides duodenal blood supply through inferior, anterior, and posterior pancreaticduodenal arteries | superior mesenteric a. |
| allow for connections between midgut and foregut and anastamose with superior anterior and posterior pancreaticduodenal arteries | inferior anterior and posterior pancreaticduodenal aa. |
| middle colic, right colic, ileocolic, marginal, appendicular, intestinal | branches of SMA |
| off of SMA, goes up and right, supplies transverse colon | middle colic a. |
| off of SMA, goes to ileocecal junction | ileocolic a. |
| off of SMA, supplies ascending colon, not always prominent, may branch off of middle colic or ileocolic aa. instead | right colic a. |
| supplies appendix, comes off of ileocolic a. | appendicular a. |
| off of SMA, only arteries on left side | intestinal aa. |
| off of SMA, anastamosis between colic aa., runs along inside portion of colon, communicates between SMA and IMA, allows for communication between colic aa. | marginal aa. |
| v. that joins up with splenic v. before draining into the portal v. to drain into the liver, drains midgut | superior mesenteric v. |
| v. that drains hindgut and empties into the splenic v. | inferior mesenteric v. |
| off of aorta; supplies hindgut and has several branches | inferior mesenteric a. |
| left colic a., sigmoid a., superior rectal a. | branches of IMA |
| off of IMA, supplies left colic flexure and descending colon | left colic a. |
| off of IMA, supplies sigmoid colon | sigmoid a. |
| off of IMA, supplies rectum | superior rectal a. |
| supplies proximal rectum, off of IMA | superior rectal a. |
| supplies distal rectum, external iliac a. | middle rectal a. |
| supplies anorectal junction and anal canal, off of external iliac a. | inferior rectal aa. |
| (above/below) pectinate line: nerve: visceral motor (ANS - involuntary) artery: IMA vein: portal venous system lymphatics: internal iliac lymph nodes | above |
| (above/below) pectinate line: nerve: inferior rectal n. artery: internal iliac a. from external pudendal a. vein: caval venous system lymphatics: superficial inguinal lymph nodes | below |
| ~13 cm long, travels through aortic hiatus in diaphragm, travels along posterior abdominal wall anterior to vertebrae, can be palpated in kids and lead adults | abdominal aorta |
| common iliac aa., celiac trunk, SMA, IMA, inferior phrenic aa., middle suprarenal aa., renal aa., gonadal aa., lumbar aa., medial sacral aa. | branches of abdominal aorta |
| diverges and runs inferolaterally to pelvic brim where they divide into internal and external aa. divisions | common iliac aa. |
| a., bilateral, superior to diaphragm | inferior phrenic aa. |
| a., bilateral, top of kidneys | middle suprarenal aa. |
| a., bilateral, to kidneys | renal aa. |
| a., bilateral, ovaries or testes | gonadal aa. |
| a., bilateral, surrounds vertebrae of lower back | lumbar aa. |
| a., bilateral, sacral vertebrae | medial sacral aa. |
| communicates with abdomen at T8 and bifurcates at L4 into common iliac v., valve-less and receives deoxygenated blood after traveling through liver | inferior vena cava |
| common iliac vv., lumbar vv., right testicular/ovarian/gonadal v., right renal v., right suprarenal v., hepatic vv. | vv. that drain into IVC |
| between plexuses and allows for communication, passes over ala of sacrum and descends in to pelvis, contributes to formation of sacral plexus with S1-S4, inferior aspect of lumbar plexus, deep to obturator n. | lumbosacral trunk |
| made up of lumbar and sacral plexuses and communicate via lumbosacral trunk, contributes to several terminal branches in abdominal wall and throughout pelvis and lower limb | lumbosacral plexus |
| contributes to lumbar plexus, originates in thorax and passes through it to supply external oblique mm. and skin of anterolateral abdominal wall, inferior to rib 12 and T12 | subcostal n. |
| both travel within abdominal wall flat mm. to supply abdominal mm. and skin of inguinal/pubic regions, contribute to lumbar plexus | iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nn. |
| pierces psoas major m. and travels anteriorly before branching into genital and femoral branches, contributes to lumbar plexus | genitofemoral n. |
| contributes to lumbar plexus, runs inferolaterally on iliacus and enters thigh deep to inguinal ligament and iliopubic tract, supplies skin anterolateral surface of thigh | lateral femoral cutaneous n. |
| commonly due to entrapment of lateral femoral cutaneous n. as it passes through inguinal canal, causes numbness and tingling of anterolateral thigh | meralgia persthetica |
| n. that descends along medial border of psoas major m. to then run on lateral wall of pelvis and enter thigh through obturator foramen/canal to supply medial aspect of thigh | obturator n. |
| descends along lateral border of psoas major m. and enters femoral triangle deep to inguinal ligament to supply anterior thigh | femoral n. |
| begins with main lymphatic ducts converging to form cisterna chyli which continues as this | thoracic duct |
| accessory aa. of kidneys that travel outside renal hilum | extrahilar aa. |
| travels 2x as far as other v. because it goes anterior to abdominal aorta and posterior to SMA, can get trapped deep to SMA, left gonadal v. drains into this | left renal v. |
| lymphatic drainage of what organ is to lymph nodes around renal hilum and para-aortic lymph nodes | kidneys |
| supplied by superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal aa., prone to variation | suprarenal glands |
| venous drainage of what occurs via large suprarenal vv. bilaterally, left drains into left renal v. and right drains into IVC | suprarenal glands |
| what n. and vessels travel from pelvis to lower limb through the obturator canal | obturator |
| can also be found crossing over pelvic brim and entering obturator canal as a branch of external iliac a. | aberrant obturator aa. |
| branches from sacral plexus and exits into gluteal region inferior to piriformis m., dives deep back into pelvis through lesser sciatic foramen before entering pudendal canal to supply perineum, will give off inferior rectal n. | pudendal n. |
| pushes through pudendal canal to supply inferior rectal area | inferior rectal n. |
| dorsal n. of clitoris, posterior labial n., deep perineal n., superficial perineal n., pudendal n., inferior rectal n. | perineal n. branches |
| arises from common iliac a. at pelvic brim anterior to sacroiliac joint, anterior and posterior divisions | internal iliac a. |
| umbilical, middle rectal, inferior vesical, uterine, iliolumbar, lateral sacral, obturator, superior and inferior gluteal, internal pudendal aa. | branches of internal iliac a. |
| branch of anterior division of int. iliac a., obliterated a. that continues forward as medial umbilical ligament, gives rise to superior vesical aa. and a. of ductus deferens | umbilical a. |
| branches of umbilical a., supply superior portion of bladder | superior vesical aa. |
| branch of umbilical a., found in males, supplies ductus/vas deferens duct | a. of ductus deferens |
| branch of anterior division of int. iliac a., may arise from a common stem with inferior vesical a. and supplies mm. of rectum, anastamoses with superior and inferior rectal aa. | middle rectal a. |
| branch of anterior division of int. iliac a., supplies inferior portion of bladder in males as well as prostate, called the vaginal a. in females and supplies the inferior portion of bladder and vagina | inferior vesical a. |
| branch of anterior division of int. iliac a., passes superior and anterior to ureter, supplies uterus and can also give off variable branches that supply vagina and a terminal branch that supplies uterine tubes and ovaries, meets up with vaginal a. | uterine a. |
| branch of posterior division of int. iliac a., leaves pelvis by ascending along lumbosacral trunk, 2 branches: iliac branch and lumbar branch | iliolumbar a. |
| branch of iliolumbar a., supplies iliacus | iliac branch |
| branch of iliolumbar a., replaces 5th lumbar aa. | lumbar branch |
| branch of posterior division of int. iliac a., usually 2, give rise to branches that supply bone of sacrum | lateral sacral aa. |
| branch of int. iliac a. that supplies lower limb, runs along surface of obturator internus m., and gives off branches to supply it and exits pelvis via obturator foramen, off anterior division | obturator a. |
| branch of int. iliac a. that supplies lower limb, superior one comes off of the posterior division and superior to piriformis m., inferior one comes off anterior division and inferior to piriformis m. | superior and inferior gluteal aa. |
| branch of int. iliac a. that supplies lower limb, leaves pelvis between piriformis and coccygeus mm., descends into perineum to supply it, n. of same name runs with it, gives of rectal a. which goes to external anal sphincter | internal pudendal a. |
| which 2 branches of internal iliac a. do only males have | inferior vesical a. and deferential a. |
| which 2 branches of internal iliac a. do only females have | vaginal a. and uterine a. |
| vv. that mirror course of all branches of internal iliac a. except for umbilical and iliolumbar aa., many venous plexuses in the pelvis which warm sperm and area linked to the spread of cancer since there's increased communication in the area | pelvic veins |
| plexuses that are somatic (involuntary) and located in pelvis | sacral and coccygeal plexuses |
| nn. that supply mm. of gluteal region | superior gluteal nn. |
| n. that supplies gluteus maximus m. | inferior gluteal n. |
| n. that supplies piriformis m. | n. to piriformis |
| n. that supplies obturator internus and superior gemellus mm. | n. to obturator internus |
| n. that supplies quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus mm. | n. to quadratus femoris |
| n. that supplies levator ani and coccygeus mm. | n. to levator ani and coccygeus |
| a.k.a. posterior femoral cutaneous n., courses to skin and m. in lower limb | posterior cutaneous n. of thigh |
| n. that courses to skin over inferior aspect of buttocks | perforating cutaneous n. |
| n. that leaves pelvic cavity through greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis m., enters gluteal region | pudendal n. |
| n. that innervates mm. in posterior compartment of thigh and mm. in leg and foot, common fibular and tibial parts | sciatic n. |
| branch of lumbar plexus, passes inferior along posterior abdominal wall then passes posterior to common iliac a. and med. to psoas major m., runs along lateral wall of pelvis to obturator canal | obturator n. |
| autonomic innervation; large, dense commingling of hypogastric nn., pelvic splanchnic nn., sacral splanchnic nn. | inferior hypogastric plexus |
| this forms middle rectal plexus, uterovaginal plexus, vesical plexus, deferential plexus, prostatic plexus, cavernous nn., nn. to hindgut for peristalsis and vasodilation (parasympathetic) | inferior hypogastric plexus |
| only sources of parasympathetic innervation in pelvis | pelvic splanchnic n. |
| splanchnic nn. off of sacral sympathetic trunk | sacral splanchnic nn. |
| splanchnic nn. that have parasympathetic fibers, come from 2/3 sacral anterior rami after they emerge from sacral foramina, "mingle" with hypogastric nn. to form inferior hypogastric plexus, supply pelvis and GI tract after L. colic flexure | pelvic splanchnic nn. |
| vasoconstriction of vessels and contractions that facilitate movement of sperm | sympathetic innervation of male organs |
| vasodilation of aa. supplying erectile tissues of pelvis | parasympathetic innervation of male organs |
| supplied by branches of internal pudendal aa., dorsal and deep aa., enlargement of erectile tissues | arterial supply of penis |
| venous supply of what eventually drains into superficial external pudendal v. | venous supply of penis |
| supplied by pudendal n. | n. supply of penis |
| carries sensory fibers from skin around anus and perineum and ext. genitalia; branches: inf. rectal n., perineal (deep and superficial) nn., dorsal n. of penis/clitoris; main n. of perineum; motor supply to mm. including ext. urethral and anal sphincters | pudendal n. |
| branches of inferior vesical a. that supply prostate | prostatic aa. |
| venous drainage from prostate, drains into int. iliac vv. | prostatic venous plexus |
| bilateral off of pudendal nn., dorsal aspect of erectile tissue, sensory | dorsal n. of clitoris |
| off of pudendal n., sensation for labia majora | posterior labial n. |
| which ligament of ovary will bleed if cut since it contains ovarian vessels | suspensory ligament of ovary |
| cause contractions of uterus and contraction of smooth muscle of vagina, vasoconstriction | sympathetic fibers of female organs |
| cause contraction of cervix and vasodilation of arteries, vasodilation of vessels supplying erectile tissues, secretomotor activity to greater vestibular glands | parasympathetic fibers of female organs |
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