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MTCC 113 MIDTERM
MIDTERM EXAMINATION FOR ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LECTURE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Etymology / Relationship: Anatomy and Physiology are _________ | inseparable |
| A subspecialty of Anatomy that studies the formation and development of a fetus. | Embryology |
| A subspecialty of Anatomy that studies the fertilization until the death of a person/human. | Developmental Biology |
| A subspecialty of Anatomy that studies cells. | Cytology |
| A subspecialty of Anatomy that is a microscopic study of tissues and organs. | Histology |
| A subspecialty of Anatomy that studies anatomy at a visible or macroscopic level. | Gross (Anatomy) |
| A subspecialty of Anatomy that studies the structure of specific systems, or how these systems function. | Systemic Anatomy |
| A subspecialty of Anatomy that studies specific regions of the body. | Regional Anatomy |
| A subspecialty of Anatomy that is studied through visualization and palpation. | Surface Anatomy |
| A subspecialty of Anatomy that uses technology and technique to view internal structures. | Imaging Anatomy |
| A subspecialty of Anatomy that studies the structures associated with disease. | Pathological Anatomy |
| A subspecialty of Physiology that studies proteins and DNA. | Molecular Physiology |
| A subspecialty of Physiology that studies the nerve cells. | Neurophysiology |
| A subspecialty of Physiology that studies the hormones. | Endocrinology |
| A subspecialty of Physiology that studies the heart and blood vessels. | Cardiovascular Physiology |
| A subspecialty of Physiology that studies the immune system. | Immunology |
| A subspecialty of Physiology that studies the lungs. | Respiratory Physiology |
| A subspecialty of Physiology that studies the kidneys. | Renal Physiology |
| A subspecialty of Physiology that studies the muscles. | Exercise Physiology |
| A subspecialty of Physiology that studies the functional changes due to disease or the altered state. | Pathophysiology |
| What are the methods used to study Anatomy? | 1) Physical Examination, 2) Cadaver Dissection, 3) Exploratory Surgery, 4) Imaging Technique / (PECDESIT) |
| In what region was the liver called the "guardianship of the soul and of the sentiments that make us men"? | Mesopotamia |
| Perfected embalming through mummification. | (Ancient) Egyptians |
| He was a King-Physician during Ancient Egypt, and wrote the first manual of Anatomy. | King Menes / King Narmer |
| Had a philosophical approach towards Anatomy. | (Ancient) China / Chinese |
| Used acupuncture to maintain Yin and Yang. | (Ancient) China / Chinese |
| How many precise vital points does acupuncture contain. | 365 |
| He is known as the "Father of Medicine". | Hippocrates (400BC) |
| What are the four humors of Hippocrates? | 1) Sanguine (Blood), 2) Choler / Chole (Yellow Bile; Gallbladder), 3) Melancholy (Black Bile; Spleen), 4) Phlegm (Lungs) |
| He is known as the "Father of Biology and Comparative Anatomy". | Aristotle (384-322BC) |
| He named the aorta, and contrasted arteries from veins. | Aristotle (384-322BC) |
| He made the first account of Embryology. | Aristotle (384-322BC) |
| He is known as the "Father of Anatomy" and the "Butcher of Men". | Herophilus of Chalcedon (325BC) |
| He practiced vivisection, and wrote "On Anatomy" and "Of the Eyes". | Herophilus of Chalcedon (325BC) |
| He is known as the "Father of Physiology". | Erasistratus of Ceos / Chios (300BC) |
| He observed the heart, blood vessels, brain, and cranial nerves. He also believed that cranial nerves carried animal spirits. | Erasistratus of Ceos / Chios(300BC) |
| He wrote the book "De re Medicina" and made the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation. | Cornelius Celsus (30BC) |
| What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation? | 1) Redness, 2) Heat, 3) Swelling, 4) Pain / (RHSP) |
| He is known as the "Prince of Physicians". | Claudius Galen (130-210AD) |
| He was the first experimental physiologist, and made animal dissections. | Claudius Galen (130-210AD) |
| He added "loss of function" (functio laesa) to the cardinal signs of inflammation. | Claudius Galen (130-210AD) |
| He discovered that urine was produced by the kidneys. | Claudius Galen (130-210AD) |
| He is known as the "Restorer of Anatomy", and was also the one that wrote the book "Anatomia". | Mundinus or Mondino d'Luzzi (1276-1326) |
| He performed Cross-sectional Anatomy. | Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) |
| He is known as the "Reformer of Anatomy" and the "Father of Modern Anatomy". | Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) |
| He wrote the book "De Humani Corporis Fabrica" in 1543. | Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) |
| He studied experimental physiology, and discovered the function of blood circulation in the body. | William Harvey (1628) |
| He published the book "De Motu Cordis" or "The Motion of the Heart". | William Harvey (1628) |
| He discovered pulmonary circulation. | Michael Servetus |
| He is known as the following: "Father of Protozoology", "Father of Microbiology", and "Father of Microscopy". | Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1681) |
| He improved a single microscope to a 270x magnification. | Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1681) |
| He believed that the human sperm contained a miniature human and called it a "homunculus". | Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1681) |
| He is known as the "Father of Histology". | Marcello Malphigi (1628-1694) |
| He discovered capillary blood vessels, and the structure of the spleen and kidneys. | Marcello Malphigi (1628-1694) |
| He coined the term "cell". | Robert Hooke (1665) |
| Cells come from the word ________, which means small room, store room, or chamber. | L. cella |
| He published the book "Micrographia". | Robert Hooke (1665) |
| He was a German botanist that contributed to the first cell theory / postulate. | Matthias Schleiden (1838) |
| He was a German zoologist that contributed to the second cell theory / postulate. | Theodor Schwann (1839) |
| He is known as the "Father of Modern Pathology" and the "Pope of Medicine". | Rudolf Virchow (1858) |
| He was the last to contribute to the cell theory / postulate. | Rudolf Virchow (1858) |
| He wrote the book "Cellular Pathology". | Rudolf Virchow (1858) |
| Enumerate or list down the three cell theories / postulates. | 1) All living things are made of at least one cell, 2) Cells are the basic unit of life, 3) Cells are made up of pre-existing cells |
| He is known as the "Father of Modern Physiology". | Claude Bernard (1854-1878) |
| He introduced the idea of "milieu interieur" and proposed the concept of Homeostasis. | Claude Bernard (1854-1878) |
| What are the necessary life functions? | 1) Movement, 2) Responsiveness, 3) Digestion, 4) Metabolism, 5) Excretion, 6) Reproduction, 7) Growth |
| What are the levels of structural organization (in order)? | 1) Atoms, 2) Molecules, 3) Cells, 4) Tissue, 5) Organs, 6) Organ System, 7) Organism |
| An organ system that refers to the external covering of the body. | Integumentary System |
| An organ system that refers to the bones, cartilages, and joints. | Skeletal System |
| An organ system that refers to the mobility of the body. | Muscular System |
| An organ system that refers to the fast-acting control system of the body. | Nervous System |
| An organ system that refers to the control system of the body in terms of hormones and glands. | Endocrine System |
| An organ system that refers to the heart and blood vessels. | Cardiovascular System |
| An organ system that complements the Cardiovascular System. | Lymphatic System |
| An organ system that refers to the lungs. | Respiratory System |
| An organ system that refers to the tube running through the body from the mouth to the anus. | Digestive System |
| An organ system that refers to the excretory system of the body. | Urinary System |
| An organ system that refers to the ability of a person to produce an offspring. | Reproductive System |
| It is the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable or balanced internal environment through a constantly changing external environment. | Homeostasis |
| A homeostatic feedback that shuts off or reduces the intensity of the stimulus. | Negative Feedback |
| A homeostatic feedback that increases the intensity of the stimulus. | Positive Feedback |
| It is also known as the cell's membrane or the cytoplasmic membrane. | Plasma Membrane |
| It is the structure or model of the Plasma Membrane; containing a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. | Fluid Mosaic Model |
| Other than a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, the Plasma Membrane also contains 4 other things. | 1) Phospholipids, 2) Cholesterol, 3) Floating Proteins, 4) Glycolipids |
| The presence of glycoproteins create a surface that is called _______? | Glycocalyx |
| This makes the cell "leak proof". | Tight Junctions |
| This prevents the cell from being pulled or torn apart. | Desmosomes |
| These are used by cells for communication. | Gap Junctions |
| These are hollow cylinders that connect cells, and are part of Gap Junctions. | Connexons |
| This kind of transport makes use of ATP. | Active Transport |
| This kind of transport does not make use of ATP. | Passive Transport |
| What are the types of Active Transport? | 1) Vesicular Transport / Bulk Transport, 2) Exocytosis, 3) Endocytosis, 4) Phagocytosis, 5) Pinocytosis |
| What are the types of Passive Transport? | 1) Simple Diffusion, 2) Facilitated Diffusion, 3) Osmosis, 4) Filtration |
| It is a process where a somatic cell divides or replicates itself for growth or repair. | Mitosis |
| It is a process where a sex cell divides or replicates itself for the production of an offspring. | Meiosis |
| What is the process of cell division? | PMAT & Cytokinesis |
| What are the 2 major periods of the cell cycle? | Interphase and cell division |
| What are the steps of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology? | 1) Transcription, 2) Translation, 3) Replication |
| These are groups of cells that have similar structure and function. | Tissues |
| It is a kind of tissue that lines and covers the free body surfaces. | Epithelial Tissue |
| It is the exposed surface of some epithelia. | Apical Surface |
| It is where the epithelium is anchored. | Basement Membrane |
| Epithelial tissues are _________, meaning they have no blood supply of their own. | Avascular |
| What are the classification of epithelial tissue based on their shape? | 1) Squamous, 2) Cuboidal, 3) Columnar |
| What are the classification of epithelial tissue according to cell arrangement? | 1) Simple, 2) Stratified, 3) Pseudostratified |
| It is a highlight modified stratified squamous epithelium that forms the lining of the urinary system. | Transitional Epithelium |
| It is a gland that consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product. | Glandular Epithelium |
| The thyroid, adrenals, and pituitary glands are examples of? | Endocrine Glands |
| The sweat and oil glands, liver, and pancreas are examples of? | Exocrine Glands |
| These tissues are involved in protecting, supporting, cushioning, and insulating other body tissues. | Connective Tissue |
Created by:
Mawlaeina
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