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Katie Pryor
SCI 220 Study Stack 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of the structure of an organism and relationship of all its parts. | Anatomy |
| The science of the functions of a living organism and all of its parts. | Physiology |
| The smallest and most numerous structural units that exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter. | Cells |
| What are the 7 levels of organization in the body and give one example of each level. | Chemical-Atoms Organelle-Mitochondria Cellular-Cells Tissue-Neurons Organ-The Lungs System- The Respiratory System Organism- Human Body |
| Describe anatomical position. | Standing erect with arms at the sides, palms forward, head and feet are pointing straight ahead, feel shoulder width apart. |
| A(n) ______ is said to be "pure" in the sense that it cannot be broken down or decomposed into two more more different substances. | Element |
| The electron cloud is made up of what 2 subatomic particles and what are their charges. | Protons (+) Neutrons(0) Electrons (-) |
| Isotopes of an element contain the same number of _____ but different numbers of ____. | Protons Neurons |
| A chemical bond formed by sharing one more more pairs of electrons between the outer energy levels. | Covalent bond. |
| A reaction that requires energy in the form of ATP | Anabolic reaction. |
| The Mitochondria is the ___ | Powerhouse of the cell!! |
| The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer, reinforced with cholesterol and embedded with proteins and other organic molecules. These come together to form the _____ ____ model | Fluid mosaic |
| Peroxisomes contain what two enzymes that are important in detoxification reactions in a cell. | Peroxidase Catalase |
| The only flagella found in human cells are found here. | Sperm |
| List the two effects of gap juntions | Form "tunnels" that join the cytoplasm of two cells. They fuse the two plasma membranes into a single structure. |
| What are the four principal types of tissues | Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue |
| Five basic components of the Extacellular Matrix | Water Proteins Glycoproteins Proteoglycans Polysaccharides |
| What two types of cells have the greatest capacity to regenerate? | Epithelial Connective |
| What are the three types of epithelial membranes and list an example of each. | Cutaneous membrane-skin Serous membrane-pericardium Mucous membrane-male and female urethra |
| Goblet cells produce ____. | Mucous |
| List the four classifications of cells based on their shape. | Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Pseudostratified columnar |
| What is the difference between cilia and microvilli? | Cilia-microscopic cell extensions that are a sensory organ of the cell that have some movement thanks to the microtubules. Microvilli-finger-like projections off the cell (shorter than cilia) that are for absorption. |
| Why are transitional epithelium cells found in the urinary bladder? | Because they are able to change shapes (stretch) in times of stress. |
| What are the four types of connective tissue. | Fibrous Bone Cartilage Blood |
| List the three types of cartilage and give one example of where each can be found in the body. | Hyaline-Joint articculations Fibrocartilage-intervertebral disks Elastic-external ear. |
| The skin is broken down into 2 layers the deeper and thicker layer the _____ and the more superficial, thin layer the _____. | Dermis Epidermis |
| List the 5 layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial. | Stratum Basale Stratum Spinosum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Corneum |
| An increase of mitotic activity with shortened turnover will result in an abnormally thick stratum corneum leading to this at the point of friction or irritation. | Calluses |
| Muscles that cause goose-pimples when you hear a really good song or the plot of a book is just too good. | Arrector Pili muscles. |
| Main determinant of skin color. | Melanin |
| Five functions of bones. | Support Protection Movement Mineral storage Hematopoesis |
| Name the five different shapes of bones and give an example of each. | Long-Femur Short- Carpal Irregular-Vertebrae Flat-Skull Sesamoid-Patella |
| This area on long bones shrinks as children grow older and eventually becomes hard bone. | Epiphyseal plate |
| Name the 3 major types of bone cells and the function of each of them. | Osteoblast-creates bone matrix. Osteoclast- responsible for active erosion of bone minerals. Osteocyte-mature, nondivided osteoblasts that becomes surrounded by matrix and become one with the bone. |
| List the 2 main mechanisms of calcium homeostasis | Parathyroid hormone Calcitonin |
| The axial skeleton is made up of what sections of the body? | Head, spine, rib cage, and sacral area. |
| In the fetal skull that are called the ____ giving some flexibility for birth, but by the time they are adults they have become _____. | Fontanels Sutures |
| The largest and strongest bone in the face. | Mandible |
| The only bone in the body to not articulate with any others and where is it found. | Hyoid bone. Found in the neck. |
| The organization of the spine starting from the most superior | Atlas (C1) Axis (C2) Cervical vertebrae (7) Thoracic vertebrae (12) Lumbar vertebrae (5) Sacrum Coccyx |
| The appendicular skeleton is made up for what sections of the body? | Shoulders, arms,hands, pelvis, legs and feet. |
| What bones come together to form the pelvic girdle? | Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis. |
| The _____ ______ is a very rigid area between the pubic portions of the coxal bone expect during _____, it will soften to allow for easier passage. | Pubic symphysis Birth |
| The male pelvis is (appox )___ degrees where the female pelvis is (approx) ___ degrees. | Male: <90 Female: >90 |
| Bone deterioration begins at age ___ because ___. | 50 The remodeling of the bones occurs faster than it is rebuilt. |
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