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CH. 10-11 Voc. 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abduction | movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb laterally away from the body; spreading of the fingers |
| Adduction | movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb medially toward or across the midline of the body; bringing fingers together |
| Aerobic respiration | production of ATP in the presence of oxygen |
| Anaerobic glycolysis | A metabolic process in which glucose is broken down into lactic acid to produce ATP without the use of oxygen; less efficient and typically occurs during short bursts of intense exercise. |
| Antagonist | muscle that opposes the action of an agonist |
| Effort | The force exerted by a muscle to move a load in the context of lever mechanics. |
| Extension | movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle of a joint (straightens the joint); motion involving posterior bending of the vertebral column or returning to the upright position from flexed position |
| Fixator | synergist that assists an agonist by preventing or reducing movement at another joint, thereby stabilizing the origin of the agonist |
| Fulcrum | The pivot point or axis of rotation in a lever system. In the body, joints often serve as fulcrums for muscle movement. |
| Graded muscle responsee | modification of contraction strength |
| Lever | A rigid bar (e.g., a bone) that pivots around a fulcrum (e.g., a joint) to move a load with the application of force (effort). Levers in the body are classified into three types based on the relative position of the load, effort, and fulcrum. |
| Load | The weight or resistance that a muscle works against when it contracts. |
| Motor unit | motor neuron and the group of muscle fibers it innervates |
| Muscle fatigue | A condition where muscles can no longer generate the same level of force, typically due to the depletion of energy stores or the accumulation of metabolic byproducts like lactic acid. |
| Oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed to compensate for ATP production without oxygen during muscle contraction |
| Prime mover (agonist) | principle muscle involved in action |
| Rotation | movement of a bone around a central axis (atlantoaxial joint) or around its long axis (proximal radioulnar joint; shoulder or hip joint); twisting of the vertebral column resulting from the summation of small motions between adjacent vertebrae |
| Synergist | muscle whose contraction helps a prime mover in an action |
| Threshold stimulus | The minimum amount of stimulation required to trigger a muscle contraction. Once this threshold is reached, an action potential is generated, causing the muscle fibers to contract. |
Created by:
Joanney
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