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Back Lecture
Gross Anatomy of the Back
Question | Answer |
---|---|
7 Ligaments of Spinal Column | Anterior Longitudinal, Posterior Longitudinal, Ligamentum Flavum, Ligamentum Nuchae, Intertransverse, Interspinous, Supraspinous |
Thoracic Skeleton | Sternum, Ribs (1-7 are true, 8-10 are false, 11-12 are floating), Costal Cartilage, Thoracic Vertebrae |
Rib Components | Costal Angle, Costal Groove, Head, Neck, Articular Tubercle, Facets |
Vertebrae Basic Osteology | Body, 2 Pedicles, 2 Laminae, Spinous Process, Transverse Processes, Superior/Inferior Articular Facets, Vertebral Foramen, Intervertebral Foramen |
Sacral Osteology | Promontory, Ala, Auricular Surface, Coccyx |
Superficial Extrinsic Back Muscles | Trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi |
Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscles | Serratus Posterior Superior/Inferior, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major/Minor |
Superficial Intrinsic Back Muscles | Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis |
Intermediate Intrinsic Back Muscles | Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis |
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles | Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores |
Intersegmental Intrinsic Back Muscles | Transversospinales |
Suboccipital Intrinsic Back Muscles | Rectus Capitis Posterior Major/Minor and Oblique Capitis Inferior/Superior |
Muscles of Suboccipital Triangle | Oblique Capitis Superior/Inferior and Rectus Capitis Posterior Major |
Contents of Suboccipital Triangle | Vertebral Artery and Suboccipital Nerve |
Trapezius Prox. | Medial 1/3 of Superior Nuchal Line, External Occipital Protuberance, Ligamentum Nuchae, and Spinous Processes of C7-C12 |
Trapezius Dist. | Clavicle, Acromion, Scapular Spine |
Trapezius Act. | Scapular Elevation/Depression and Scapular AD/ABduction |
Trapezius Inn. | Spinal Root of Accessory Nerve and C3-C4 |
Latissimus Dorsi Prox. | Spinous Processes of T6-L5, Thoracolumbar Fascia, Sacrum, Iliac Crest, Lower 3 Ribs |
Latissimus Dorsi Dist. | Floor of Intertubercular Groove |
Latissimus Dorsi Act. | ADduction, Extension, and IR of Arm |
Latissimus Dorsi Inn. | Thoracodorsal Nerve |
Levator Scapulae Prox. | Transverse Processes of C1-C4 |
Levator Scapulae Dist. | Superior Border and Angle of Scapula |
Levator Scapulae Act. | Elevation and Downward Rotation of Scapula |
Levator Scapulae Inn. | Dorsal Scapular Nerve |
Rhomboid Major Prox. | Spinous Processes of T2-T5 |
Rhomboid Minor Prox. | Spinous Processes of C7-T1 |
Rhomboids Dist. | Vertebral Border of Scapula |
Rhomboids Act. | Elevation, Retraction, and Downward Rotation of Scapula |
Rhomboids Inn. | Dorsal Scapular Nerve |
Serratus Posterior Inferior Prox. | Aponeurosis of T11-L3 and Supraspinal Ligament |
Serratus Posterior Inferior Dist. | Lower border of 9th-12th ribs |
Serratus Posterior Inferior Act. | Depress Lower Ribs (Expiration) |
Serratus Posterior Inferior Inn. | Intercostal Nerves |
Serratus Posterior Superior Prox. | Upper Borders of 2nd-5th Ribs |
Serratus Posterior Superior Dist. | Aponeurosis of Ligamentum Nuchae, Spinous Processes of C7-T2, and Supraspinal Ligament |
Serratus Posterior Superior Act. | Elevate Ribs (Inspiration) |
Serratus Posterior Superior Inn. | 2-5 Intercostal Nerves |
Splenius Cervicis Prox. | Lower Ligamentum Nuchae, Spinous Processes of Upper Thoracic Vertebrae |
Splenius Cervicis Dist. | Transverse Processes of Upper Cervical Vertebrae |
Splenius Cervicis Act. | Extension of head/neck, Side Bending, and Same-Side Rotation |
Splenius Cervicis Inn. | Dorsal Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves |
Splenius Capitis Prox. | Lower half of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae |
Splenius Capitis Dist. | Mastoid Process |
Splenius Capitis Act. | Extension of Head/Neck, Side Bending and Same-Side Rotation |
Splenius Capitis Inn. | Dorsal Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves |
Iliocostalis Lumborum Prox. | Iliac Crest |
Iliocostalis Thoracis Prox. | Lower 6 Ribs |
Iliocostalis Cervicis Prox. | Upper 6 Ribs |
Iliocostalis Lumborum Dist. | Lower 6 Ribs |
Iliocostalis Thoracis Dist. | Upper 6 Ribs |
Iliocostalis Cervicis Dist. | Transverse Processes of Cervical Vertebrae |
Iliocostalis Group Action | Extension and Side Bending |
Iliocostalis Innervation | Dorsal Rami |
Longissimus Thoracis Prox. | Sacrum and Transverse Processes of Lumbar Vertebrae |
Longissimus Cervicis Prox. | Transverse Processes of Thoracic Vertebrae |
Longissimus Capitis Prox. | Transverse Processes of Cervical Vertebrae |
Longissimus Thoracis Dist. | Transverse Processes of Thoracis Vertebrae |
Longissimus Cervicis Dist. | Transverse Processes of Cervical Vertebrae |
Longissimus Capitis Dist. | Mastoid Process |
Longissimus Act. | Extension and Side Bending...Capitis Rotates Head |
Spinalis Prox. | Spinous Processes |
Spinalis Dist. | Spinous Processes |
Spinalis Act. | Extension |
Spinalis Inn. | Dorsal Rami (Same as ALL Erector Spinae) |
Semispinalis Thoracis Prox. | Transverse Processes of T7-T12 |
Semispinalis Cervicis Prox. | Transverse Processes of T1-T6 |
Semispinalis Capitis Prox. | Transverse Processes of C4-T6 |
Semispinalis Thoracis Dist. | Spinous Processes of C6-T12 |
Semispinalis Cervicis Dist. | Spinous Processes of C2-C5 |
Semispinalis Capitis Dist. | Occipital Bone |
Semispinalis Act. | Extension and Opposite Side Rotation |
Semispinalis Inn. | Dorsal Rami |
Multifidus Prox. | Sacrum, Iliac Crest, and Transverse Processes |
Multifidus Dist. | All Spinous Processes |
Multifidus Act. | Extension and Opposite Side Rotation |
Multifidus Inn. | Dorsal Rami |
Rotatores Prox. | Transverse Processes |
Rotatores Dist. | All Spinous Processes |
Rotatores Act. | Extension and Opposite Side Rotation |
Rotatores Inn. | Dorsal Rami |
RCP Major Prox. | Spine of Axis |
RCP Major Dist. | Lateral inferior nuchal line |
RCP Major Act. | Extension of Head and Same Side Rotation |
RCP Major Inn. | C1 Dorsal Ramus |
RCP Minor Prox. | Posterior Aspect of Atlas |
RCP Minor Dist. | Medial Inferior Nuchal Line |
RCP Minor Act. | Head Extension |
RCP Minor Inn. | C1 Dorsal Ramus |
Oblique Capitis Inferior Prox. | Spine of Atlas |
Oblique Capitis Inferior Dist. | Transverse Process of Atlas |
Oblique Capitis Inferior Act. | Same Side Head Rotation |
Oblique Capitis Superior Prox. | Transverse Process of Atlas |
Oblique Capitis Superior Dist. | Occiput btwn. Superior/Inferior Nuchal Line |
Oblique Capitis Superior Act. | Extension and Side Bending of Head |