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Exam Ch. 11-15
Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or False: REM sleep begins about 90 minutes after sleep begins | True |
| True or False: The blood brain barrier is the protective mechanism that helps maintain the brain's stable environment. | True |
| True or False: Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are located in the ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal cord. | True |
| True or False: The adult spinal cord ends between the level L1 and L2 of the vertebral column. | True |
| True or False: Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space. | True |
| True or False: Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness that usually reflects inadequate blood delivery to the brain. | True |
| True or False: The reticular activating system (RAS) is compromised of specific pathways primarily in the limbic system. | False |
| True or False: Short term memory loss has a limitless storage capacity. | False |
| True or False: The brain and spinal cord begin as an embryonic structure called the neural plate. | True |
| True or False: The limbic system acts as our emotional or affective (feelings) brain. | True |
| True or False: Commissural fibers connect the cerebrum to the diencephalon. | False |
| True or False: A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the basal nuclei. | True |
| True or False: Projection fibers in the brain mainly connect the right and left hemispheres. | False |
| True or False: Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over (decussate) from one side of the body to the other. | True |
| True or False: The primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space. | True |
| True or False: One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing. | True |
| True or False: Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus. | False |
| True or False: Embryonic damage to the mesencephalon could result in improper formation of the midbrain. | True |
| True or False: Passing through N R E M stages (1-4), the frequency of the E E G waves declines, but their amplitude increases. | True |
| True or False: Neural plasticity is the ability of the brain to change its function by changing its structure. | True |
| True or False: Specific motor and sensory functions are localized in specific areas called domains, whereas memory and language have overlapping domains. | True |
| True or False: The canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles and running through the midbrain is the interventricular foramen. | False |
| True or False: Nuclei relating to the startle reflex are located in the corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain. | True |
| True or False: The three basic regions of the cerebrum are the cerebral cortex of gray matter, internal white matter and the superior and inferior colliculi. | False |
| True or False: In most people, the left cerebral has greater control over language above logic. | True |
| True or False: A patient has lost the ability to taste food, his facial nerve may be damaged. | True |
| True or False: The Musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus. | True |
| True or False: Complicated interlacing of the ventral rami form networks called never plexus. Crisscrossing of the nerve fibers from the various spinal nerves is good bc injury to any spinal nerves will be less likely for total innervation loss of any org | True |
| True or False: The meningeal branch of a spinal nerve actually reenters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels. | True |
| True or False: Drooping of the upper eyelid and double vision are potential symptoms of damage to the olfactory nerve. | False |
| True or False: Lamellar corpuscles can only be exteroceptors or proprioceptors. | False |
| True or False: The second cranial neve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers. | True |
| True or False: Thermoreceptors also know as exteroceptors respond to changes in room temperature and are found in the skin. | True |
| True or False: Dorsal and ventral rami are similar in containing sensory and motor fibers. | True |
| True or False: A patient suffering from the inability to distinguish various types of odors which could be due to damage to the vagus nerve (X). | False |
| True or False: Proprioceptors are responsible for the human's ability to touch our finger to our nose while our eyes are closed. These sensations create awareness of our body's positioning. | True |
| True or False: Photoreceptors respond to chemicals in a solution or changes in blood or interstitial fluid chemistry. | False |
| True or False: Tactile sensation combines touch, pressure, stretch and vibration primarily due to mechanoreceptors. | True |
| True or False: A mechanic who works with vibrating tools. He also exerts force his wrists when twisting wrenches and screws. The doctor suspects carpal tunnel syndrome. | True |
| True or False: Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated another sensory neuron for synergistic muscles in the same are is inhibited and cannot respond. | False |
| True or False: An emergency medical tech examines a trauma victim by shining a pen light into her patient's eye. She records the reactivity of the patients pupil as they constrict. This test supports the function of the oculomotor nerve (3). | True |
| True or False: If someone spills very hot coffee on their skin, they will likely perceive much pain caused by nociceptors. | True |
| True or False: A person has made an appointment to receive a deep tissue therapeutic massage. The massage stimulates the lamellae corpuscles. | True |
| True or False: Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups. | True |
| True or False: The best explanation of how a stimulus' strength is transmitted to the central nervous system from sensory nerves is that action potential frequency decreases as stimulus strength increases. | False |
| True or False: The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are separate systems that work independently and lack functional overlap. | False |
| True or False: Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia containing the cell bodies of motor neurons. | True |
| True or False: Autonomic ganglia are sights of synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to postganglionic neurons. | True |
| True or False: All somatic motor neurons release acetylcholine all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve axons. | True |
| True or False: The ANS may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the active division and the affected target. | True |
| True or False: The facial (7) glossopharyngeal (9) and vagus (10) nerves contain postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic nervous system. | False |
| True or False: Cranial nerves 3 (oculomotor), 7 (facial) and 9 (glossopharyngeal) supply the entire parasympathetic innervation of the head; however only the preganglionic axons lie within these 3 pairs of cranial nerves. | True |
| True or False: Most ANS disorders reflect smooth muscle control abnormalities. | True |
| True or False: The effect of beta-blocker drugs (block beta-receptors) is to increase blood pressure. | False |
| True or False: Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by parasympathetic and sympathetic axons, the influence of the 2 divisions on the heart is synergistic meaning contraction is strongest when both divisions act together. | False |
| True or False: Nicotine stimulates sympathetic effects and causes blood pressure to rise. | True |
| True or False: The parasympathetic division innervates more organs than the sympathetic division. | False |
| True or False: The rami communicates are associated only with the sympathetic division of the ANS. | False |
| True or False: Most splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus. | False |
| True or False: The gray rami communicates of eliminated preganglionic fibers. | False |
| True or False: The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems. | False |
| True or False: The parasympathetic nervous division mediates thermoregulatory responses to increase heat. | False |
| True or False: All splanchnic nerves are sympathetic. | False |
| True or False: Somatic and visceral reflex arcs are similar but visceral reflex arc lack afferent fibers. | False |
| True or False: Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone. | True |
| True or False: The all or none phenomenon, as applied to nerve conduction, states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction. | False |
| True or False: The central nervous system consists of the brain, the spinal cord, the cranial nerves, and the peripheral nerves. | False |
| True or False: The electrochemical gradient has two components: concentration gradient and electrical gradient. | True |
| True or False: Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase | False |
| True or False: The action potential is caused by permeability changes in the plasma membrane. | True |
| True or False: The peripheral nervous system is divided into afferent and efferent divisions. | True |
| True or False: Retrograde movement is the movement away from the cell body. | False |
| True or False: Neurotransmitter effects are terminated by reuptake through transport proteins only. | False |
| True or False: Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes. | True |
| True or False: A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynaptic end which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane. | True |
| True or False: A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons. | True |
| True or False: Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. | True |
| True or False: During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. | True |
| True or False: Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. | True |
| True or False: The somatic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles. | True |
| True or False: Microglial cells become macrophages to phagocytize the microbes and neuronal debris which proves vital because cells of the immune system are denied access to CNS. | True |
| True or False: Synaptic delay reflects the time needed for neuro transmitter release, diffusion a cross the synaptic cleft, and binding to receptors. | True |
| True or False: The importance of a stimulus is derived from the number of stimuli received from the same source. The frequency of impulse trans mission shows the stimulus intensity, and the brain responds appropriately. | True |
| True or False: Short-distance depolarization describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential. | True |
| True or False: If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about the midpoint along the length of the axon, the impulse would spread bidirectionally. | False |
| True or False: Vitamin A deficiency leads to rod degeneration. | True |
| True or False: The bending of light rays is called reflection. | False |
| True or False: The optic disc forms a blind spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball. | True |
| True or False: The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and is reflected over the anterior surface of the eyeball is the conjunctiva. | True |
| True or False: The anterior chambers of the eye is filled with vitreous humor. | False |
| True or False: Precision of eye movement is due to the fact that extrinsic eye muscle motor units typically innervate 8 to 12 muscle cells and in some cases as few as 2 or 3 muscle cells. | True |
| True or False: The neural layer of the retina prevents excessive scattering of light within the eye. | False |
| True or False: Light passes through the entire thickness of the neutral layer of the retina to excite the photoreceptors. | True |
| True or False: The function of the lens of the eye is to allow precise focusing of light on the retina. | True |
| True or False: The sensation of a single, distinct smell is a combination of a variety of chemicals that stimulate different combinations of olfactory receptor cells all at once making it possible to distinguish many smells. | True |
| True or False: Sour taste receptors are stimulated by hydrogen ions of acidic food substances. | True |
| True or False: Taste buds are found in filiform papillae. | False |
| True or False: Complete adaptation of the gustatory receptors occurs in about one to five minutes. | True |
| True or False: Complete adaptation of the gustatory receptors occurs in about one to five minutes. | True |
| True or False: The quality of sound is based on the atmospheric pressure at the time the time the sound is generated. | False |
| True or False: Theoretically, an individual born without a middle ear would be able to hear by the bone conduction with a hearing aid. | Ture |
| True or False: Without a functioning crista ampullaris, the semicircular canals would not function. | True |
| True or False: Sound is generally perceived in the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex. | False |
| True or False: In order for sound to reach the spinal organ (of Corti) the auditory ossicles must vibrate the oval window and set the endolymph in motion. | True |
| True or False: The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with the atmospheric pressure is the external auditory meatus. | False |
| True or False: The fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth is called a perilymph. | False |
| True or False: Dynamic equilibrium involves the receptors in the semicircular canals and monitors changes in head rotation. | True |
| True or False: Ciliary muscle is considered to be voluntary, skeletal muscle. | False |
| True or False: Contraction of the ciliary muscle causes the lens to bend the light less. | False |
| True or False: When we move from darkness to light, retinal sensitivity is lost but visual acuity is gained. | True |
| True or False: The cristae ampullaris is the receptor for rotational acceleration. | True |
Created by:
juliazakaria
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