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Anatomy 6-12 Final
weeks 6-12
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| What is the job of the Sternocleidomastoid? | Neck movement, elevating the sternum and clavicle, neck stabilization(posture) |
| This arrangement of muscle fascicles tends to be triangular in shape. The Pectoralis major is an example of a muscle with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement. | Convergent |
| The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and is outside the epimysium and tendon is called the | Fascia |
| The common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus is called the | Calcaneal tendon |
| The point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts is the | Origin |
| Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers can be | Extrinsic or intrinsic |
| The biceps brachii has this fascicle arrangement, which maximizes the range of motion possible. | Parallel |
| Which muscles that move the forearm? | brachioradialis, pronator teres , and biceps brachii |
| The innermost muscle of the abdominal wall is the | Transverse abdominis |
| Muscles with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement are either fusiform or straplike in appearance. | Parallel |
| The term _____ is used to describe a muscle that directly performs a specific movement. | Agonist |
| The continuous low level of sustained contraction maintained by all skeletal muscles is muscle | Tone |
| The long axes of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle is a description of this type of fascicle arrangement. | Parallel |
| The Sartorius muscle, a thin straplike muscle would have muscle fascicles arranged in | Parallel |
| The individual muscle fibers are covered by a connective tissue membrane called the | Endomysium |
| The muscle that helps hold the scapula against the thorax and is useful in pushing or punching movements is the | Serratus anterior |
| A muscle with fascicles that insert into the tendon from both sides is categorized as | Bipennate |
| In addition to the Pectoralis major, another muscle that displays this pattern of fascicle arrangement is Latissimus dorsi. | Convergent |
| What is the nervous system organized to do? | Detect changes in the external environment, Detect changes in the internal environment, and Evaluate changes in the environment. |
| A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a: | Sensory neuron |
| Most unipolar neurons are usually: | Sensory neurons |
| Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve? | Endoneurium |
| What are the functions of the central nervous system? | Integrating sensory information, Evaluating the information, Initiating an outgoing response. |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves. | Sensory |
| The nervous system can be divided: | According to its structure, according to direction of information flow, and by control of effectors. |
| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: | Perineurium. |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: | Astrocytes. |
| Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies. | Toward |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. | Multipolar |
| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the: | Astrocytes |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? | Dopamine |
| Astrocytes attach to: | Neurons and blood vessels |
| What is the ration of glia to neurons in the human nervous system? | There are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. |
| Where do interneurons reside? | In the CNS |
| Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for these reasons: | There is no neurolemma in cells of the CNS and astrocytes fill in the path of regrowth. |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: | Dendrite, cell body, and axon. |
| True or false? The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons. | False |
| There are _____ ventricles in the brain. | 4 |
| Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in: | The nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. |
| True or false? All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. | False |
| The spinal tract is located on the side of the cord, originates in the brain, and terminates in the spinal cord in the _____ tract. | Lateral corticospinal |
| True or False?All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. | False |
| Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin? | Pineal gland |
| Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? | Cervical |
| The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs. | 31 |
| How many lumbar nerve pairs are there? | 5 |
| What do Beta Receptors bind? | Norepinephrine |
| Where are the "pyramids" of the brain formed? | Medulla |
| Small branches from the cervical plexus join which two cranial nerves? | Hypoglossal and accessory |
| Where is cerebrospinal fluid NOT found? | Subdural space |
| The brainstem does not include the: | Cerebellum |
| The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the | Facial |
| The membrane attached to the stapes. | Oval window |
| What mineral is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? | Iodine |
| Which endocrine glands develop primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx? | Thyroid and parathyroids |
| What is the pancreatic cell type that produces insulin? | Beta cells |
| Which area has the highest concentration of cones? | the fovea centralis |
| In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network. | vascular anastomoses |
| Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called | Valves |
| The _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot. | Great saphenous vein |
| The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the | Pelvis |
| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | Antigen |
| The brachiocephalic vein drains blood from the | Head, neck, and upper extremity. |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | erythropoietin. |
| The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is(are) the: | SA node |
| The _____ is(are) supplied with blood from the left subclavian artery. | head and upper extremities |
| After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | Left atrium |
| Atria are often called _____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins. | Receiving chambers |
| Which mature cell has no nucleus, mitochondria, or ribosomes? | Erythrocyte |
| The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the | Endothelium |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: | Hematopoietic stem cells |
| The breast—the mammary gland and surrounding tissue—is drained by the: | Lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple, and lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple. |
| True or false? Lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, drains eventually into the thoracic duct. | True |
| A type of blood cell produced by lymph nodes is called a: | Monocyte |
| From where does the cisterna chyli originate? | The thoracic duct. |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | Cell-mediated |
| The size of lymph nodes varies from _____ mm to more than _____ mm in diameter. | 1 to 20 |
| The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the | Thymus |
| The spleen is located in the _____ region. | Left hypochondriac |
| About half of the lymph flowing through the thoracic duct comes from the: | Liver and small intestine |
| Which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function? | Hydrochloric acid |
| The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as “not self” is called: | Nonspecific immunity. |
| Lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics: | Have thinner walls, contain more valves, contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course. |
| What are the lymph organs? | Thymus, spleen, and tonsils |
| Lymph capillaries called lacteals are located in the: | Small intestine |
| The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium. | Pseudostratified columnar |
| The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called: | Conchae |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: | Horizontal fissure |
| Olfactory epithelium is found: | Covering the superior turbinate. |
| The fauces, one of the seven openings found in the pharynx, opens into the: | Oropharynx |
| True or false? Anterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus posterior nares is the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx? | True |
| The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as: | Nostrils, anterior nares, external nares |
| Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane? | Ciliated respiratory mucosa |
| The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are: | Bronchioles |
| Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | They serve in voice production. |
| The total number of lobes in both lungs is: | 5 |
| The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the: | Epiglottis |
| The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the: | Oropharynx. |
| Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects? | The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus. |
Created by:
Nerdgasm90
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