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Nervous System Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The hindbrain is also known as the _____ | rhombencephalon |
| Which cranial nerve abduct the eye using lateral rectus muscle | abducens |
| Association of brain areas that process emotions and behavior | limbic system |
| Which cranial nerve controls swallowing | glossopharyngeal |
| Neuronal process that transmits signals away from the cell body | axon |
| Which cranial nerve moves the eye inferiorly and laterally | trochlear |
| Which cranial nerve controls the sternocleidomastoid muscle | accessory |
| Where is the primary visual cortex | occipital lobe |
| Which cranial nerve innervates most abdominal organs | vagus |
| Which glia cell myelinates the CNS neuronal axons | oligodendrocyte |
| Which cranial nerve controls tongue muscles | hypoglossal |
| Which glia cell myelinates the PNS neuronal axons | neurolemmocyte |
| Which cranial nerve controls looking up, down, and crossing eyes | oculomotor |
| What is the blood-filled space between the periosteal and meningeal layer of the dura mater | venous sinus |
| The forebrain is also known as the _______ | prosencephalon |
| Where is the primary gustatory cortex | insula lobe |
| Which cranial nerve controls your sense of sight | optic |
| Where is the primary auditory cortex | temporal lobe |
| Which cranial nerve controls chewing and facial sensations | trigeminal |
| Where is the primary somatosensory cortex | parietal lobe |
| Glial cell that form cerebrospinal fluid | ependymal |
| The midbrain is also known as the _______ | mesencephalon |
| Which cranial nerve controls the sense of smell | olfactory |
| Where is the primary motor cortex | frontal lobe |
| Which cranial nerve controls facial expression | facial |
| The central nervous system consists of _____ & ________ | Brain and spinal cord |
| What neurons transmits commands from the CNS | Efferent neurons |
| Neuronal process that transmits signals toward the cell body | dendrites |
| Which cranial nerve controls hearing and balance | vestibulocochlear |
| transmits information to the CNS | afferent neurons |
| Collection of axons in PNS that are wrapped in connective tissue | Nerve |
| Cluster of neuron cell bodies located along a nerve | ganglion |
| cell "receptor" | dendrite |
| non excitable cells that primarily support and protect neurons | glial cells |
| What are the glial cells in the CNS? | astrocytes, ependymal, microglia, and oligodendrocytes |
| What are the glial cells in the PNS? | satellite and neurolemmocytes |
| process by which an axon is wrapped with myelin | myelination |
| What myelinates the CNS axons? | oligodendrocytes |
| What myelinates the PNS axons? | neurolemmocytes |
| short-lived electrical signals due to opening of chemically gated channels. *diffusion driven | graded potential |
| self-propagating electrical signals by sequential opening of voltage-sensitive channels | action potential |
| axons and their myelin sheath | nerve fiber |
| what are the two receptors that ACh bind to? | nicotinic and muscarinic |
| Which glial cells help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid? | ependymal cells |
| What events occurs first as an action potential is generated? | Voltage-gated sodium (Na) channels open |
| Which glial cell helps with the blood-brain barrier? | Astrocytes |
| Which lobe is the primary hearing cortex? | temporal |
| which lobe is the primary vision cortex? | occipital |
| What does the hypothalamus monitor? | food, water, and body temp |
| What are the hormones that control the release of other hormones | trophic hormones |
| What is known as the homeostatic control center? | hypothalamus |
| pathways from cerebellum is known as _____ | peduncle |
| Where is body sensory info crossed over in the brain? | pyramids |
| What does gray matter consist of? | dendrites and cell bodies |
| What is the function of gray matter? | processing and integrating information |
| What does white matter consist of? | bundles of myelinated axons |
| What is the function of white matter? | relaying nerve signals to and from gray matter |
| What does cranial meninges consist of? | pia, arachnoid, and dura mater |
| What is the cranial dural septa? | folds of dura mater that stabilize brain's position |
| What in the brain is fluid-filled? | All 4 ventricles and cerebral aqueduct |
| What is cerebrospinal fluid? | clear fluid produced continuously within the brain that provides buoyancy, protection, and a stable environment for brain and spinal cord |
| What produces cerebrospinal fluid in ventricles? | choroid plexus |
| What is the choroid plexus formed from? | ependymal cells and capillaries |
| What separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres? | longitudinal fissure |
| Where is the primary motor cortex? | frontal lobe |
| Where is the primary somatosensory cortex? | parietal lobe |
| What does the limbic system control? | memory and emotional behavior |
| What forms spinal nerves? | anterior root + posterior root |
| What is a nerve plexus? | network of interwoven anterior rami |
| What is a reflex? | rapid, programmed response of muscle and glands to a stimulus |
| Which roots are considered sensory | posterior roots |
| which roots are considered motor | anterior roots |
| What does the somatic system control? | motor output to control skeletal muscle |
| What does the autonomic system control? | involuntary motor output to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands |
| What are the two divisions of the autonomic system? | Parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| What is the parasympathetic known for | "rest and digest" |
| Where is the origin of the parasympathetic system? | top and bottom of CNS |
| What is the sympathetic known for | fight or flight |
| Where is the origin of the sympathetic system | middle of CNS |
| Which neuron releases norepinephrine | 2nd sympathetic neuron |
| What is the most numerous type of sensory receptors? | Tactile receptors |
| What are the two types of tactile receptors? | encapsulated and unecapsulated |
| What is referred pain? | pain perceived as if it originates in the skin but is actually from an internal organ |
| What are the 5 taste sensations? | sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami |
| What nerves perceive taste? | Facial and glossopharyngeal nerves |
| What is the conjectiva? | membrane that covers anterior surface of sclera and internal eyelid but NOT the cornea |
| What is the bending of light rays referred as | refraction |
| Where does the refraction of light occur? | cornea and lens |
| What activates rods? | dim light and no color |
| what activates cones | bright light and color |
Created by:
julie.russell
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