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Alexander Nicodemus
week through 12 content for anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 8 major appendicular muscles: | Hamstrings, Quadriceps femoris, Gluteus maximus, Latissimus dorsi, Pectoralis major, Triceps brachii, Biceps brachii, Deltoid. |
| What are some common consequences of poor posture? | Poor posture can lead to a variety of health problems, such as back and neck pain, headaches, lung and heart problems, poor circulation, and fatigue. |
| What are the major connective tissue elements found in skeletal muscle? | The major connective tissue elements found in skeletal muscle include epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. |
| What is the fiber arrangement of skeletal muscle? | The fibers in skeletal muscle are arranged in parallel bundles, which allows for the coordinated movement of the muscle during contraction. |
| 6 Major axial muscles include: | Erector spinae, Latissimus dorsi, Trapezius, External oblique, Rectus abdominis, Sternocleidomastoid. |
| axial muscles are responsible for? | The axial muscles are responsible for stabilizing and positioning the head, neck, and trunk. They also help with breathing and maintaining posture. |
| What are the stages of healing after injury to a peripheral motor neuron? | - After injury to a peripheral motor neuron, the axon and myelin degenerate. - Schwann cells proliferate, forming a regeneration tube, and axons regenerate and remyelinate. |
| What are the types of neuroglia and where are they found? | - The types of neuroglia are astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and satellite cells. - Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS, while microglia, Schwann cells, and satellite cells are found in the PNS. |
| What are the subdivisions of the nervous system? | - The subdivisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). - The PNS is further divided into the somatic nervous system (SNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS). |
| What is the difference between nerves and tracts, and white and gray matter? | - Nerves are bundles of axons in the PNS, while tracts are bundles of axons in the CNS. - White matter contains myelinated axons, while gray matter contains cell bodies and unmyelinated axons. |
| What are the layers of the meninges? | The three layers of the meninges are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. |
| Where are the meninges located? | The meninges are located between the bone and the nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord. |
| What is the generalized structure of a typical spinal nerve? | A typical spinal nerve consists of a dorsal root and ventral root, which merge to form a single nerve. The nerve has both sensory and motor fibers. |
| What is the role of the autonomic nervous system? | The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions, such as the actions of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
| How can receptors be classified? | Receptors can be classified based on their location (exteroceptors, interoceptors, proprioceptors), their structure (mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors), and the type of stimulus that activates them. |
| Question: What sense organs are involved in the sense of balance? | The semicircular canals and the vestibule in the inner ear are responsible for the sense of balance. |
| What is the function of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve? | The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains sensory (afferent) fibers that transmit information from the periphery to the spinal cord. |
| What are the two major subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? | The two major subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. |
| What are the receptors involved in pain, temperature, touch, and proprioception? | Pain receptors are known as nociceptors, temperature receptors are thermoreceptors, touch receptors are mechanoreceptors, and proprioception receptors are located in muscles and tendons. |
| location, and anatomical components of the pancreas? | The pancreas is located behind the stomach and has both endocrine and exocrine functions |
| location, and anatomical components of the adrenal glands | The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and consist of an outer adrenal cortex and an inner adrenal medulla |
| location, and anatomical components of the parathyroid glands | The parathyroid glands are four small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. |
| location, and anatomical components of the thyroid gland | The thyroid gland is located in the neck and consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. |
| location, and anatomical components of the pituitary gland | The pituitary gland is approximately the size of a pea and located at the base of the brain. It is divided into two parts: the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary. |
| How can hormones be classified? Hormones can be classified by chemical structure into four groups: | - amino acid derivatives, peptide hormones, lipid derivatives, and steroid hormones. |
| Hormones can also be classified by their mode of action | -, with some acting on cell surface receptors and others entering the cell and acting in the nucleus. |
| What is the generalized structure of a typical spinal nerve? | A typical spinal nerve consists of a dorsal root and ventral root, which merge to form a single nerve. The nerve has both sensory and motor fibers. |
| What is the function of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve? | The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains sensory (afferent) fibers that transmit information from the periphery to the spinal cord. |
| What are the three parts of the nose? | The three parts of the nose are the external nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses. The external nose is the visible part of the nose, while the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are located within the skull. |
| What are the three anatomical divisions of the pharynx? | The three anatomical divisions of the pharynx are the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. |
| What are the three types of cartilage that make up the larynx? | The larynx is made up of three types of cartilage: thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and epiglottis. |
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