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HUMAN ANATOMY
weeks 6-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscles may be named according to: | function, direction of fibers, and points of attachment. |
| Poor posture puts abnormal strain on bones and may eventually produce deformities. | true |
| The prime mover can also be called the: | agonist |
| Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ___ of our body weight: | 50% |
| The most common type of lever in the body is a ___-class lever. | third |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? | rectus and femoris |
| The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the: | latissimus dorsi |
| Another name for a sphincter muscle is a ___ muscle. | circular |
| Small branches from the cervical plexus join which two cranial nerves? | vagus and accessory |
| The brainstem does not include the: | cerebellum |
| There are ___ ventricles in the brain. | four |
| Which of the brain releases the hormone melatonin? | pineal gland |
| The spinal ganglion can be found on the ____ of the spina nerve. | dorsal nerve root |
| The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in: | about 90% of the population |
| Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in: | nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. |
| he layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the: | dura mater |
| The innermost layer of the meninges is the: | pia mater |
| The main divisions of the central nervous system are the: | brain and spinal cord |
| Some parasympathetic postganglionic nervous neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem. | False |
| The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of ____ pairs. | 31 |
| Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? | Cervical |
| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: | perineurium |
| Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except: | microglia lay down scar tissue |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? | Dopamine |
| In the human nervous system: | most of the cells are glia cells |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. | multipolar |
| Which is true of a reflex arc? | It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: | cell bodies |
| Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies. | toward |
| The white matter of the nervous system is made up of: | myelinated fibers |
| Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: | dendrite, cell body, and axon. |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: | astrocytes |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. |
| Endolymph is made: | in the stria vascularis. |
| Receptors for hearing are located in the | cochlear duct. |
| Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. | vitreous humor |
| Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. | thymus gland |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as: | infundibulum |
| Membrane attached to the stapes. | oval window |
| The hormone produced by the heart: | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine |
| Largest purely endocrine gland in the body. | thyroid gland |
| The basilar membrane supports the: | spiral organ |
| Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. | beta cells |
| Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm. | adenohypophysis |
| The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the: | facial |
| The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the: | infundibulum |
| Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing. | cochlear duct |
| The localized pressure gradient needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called: | perfusion pressure |
| Which two factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart? | blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions |
| Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. | protein molecules present |
| Which are the two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? | aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors |
| Starling’s law of the heart states that, within limits, the longer, or more stretched, the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction, the-- | stronger the contraction |
| The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the | pericardium |
| After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | left atrium |
| The normal ECG is composed of all of the following except a: | E wave |
| Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? | tunica intima |
| Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta? | elastic arteries |
| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. | systemic |
| The free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the: | papillary muscles. |
| The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is(are) the: | SA node |
| A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n) | ECG |
| The structural components of the circulatory system include the: | heart and blood vessels |
| Antibodies are proteins of the family called | immunoglobulins |
| Which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function? | Hydrochloric acid |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | cell-mediated |
| The lymph nodes located in the groin are called the: | inguinal lymph nodes |
| The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense. | skin |
| Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the: | subclavian veins |
| The spleen is located in the _____ region. | left hypochondriac |
| The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as “not self” is called: | nonspecific immunity |
| An infection in the thumb may result in enlargement of the _____ nodes. | superficial cubital |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a: | germinal center |
| Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane? | Ciliated respiratory mucosa |
| Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | They serve in voice production |
| Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with: | air |
| The correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx: | Anterior nares posterior nares vestibule inferior, middle, and superior meatus |
| The more common name for the pharynx is the: | throat |
| The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: | maxillary |
| The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are: | bronchioles |
| Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the respiratory system? | Trachea |
| Olfactory epithelium is found: | covering the superior turbinate |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: | cricoid cartilage |
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