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Digestive
Chapter 38/39
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pancrease | A large gland behind the stomach which creates digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the Islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood, the hormones, insulin and glucagon. |
| Vermiform Appendix | A cylindrical muscular structure attached to the large intestine, originating near the ileocecal valve from the sequel fundus or the posterior border of the cecum, approximately 2 cm from the junction of the cecum with the ileum. |
| Haustra | Small pouches or sacculations found in the walls of the large intestine or colon. |
| Sigmoid Colon | The S shaped final section of the large intestine, located between the descending colon and the rectum. It’s name comes from the curved, sigma like shape. The sigma: primarily functions to store fecal matter until it is ready to be expelled. |
| Descending Colon | A part of the large intestine that extends downward on the left side of the abdomen, from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon. It’s located retroperitoneally, meaning it is situated behind the peritoneum. |
| Transverse Colon | The longest and most movable section of the large intestine. It extends horizontally across the abdomen from the right hepatic flexure where it connects to the ascending colon, to the left splenic flexure, where it connects to the descending:. |
| Ascending Colon | The first main section of the colon. It extends upward on the right side of the admin, starting at the cecum and ending at the right colic flexure, where it transitions to the transverse colon. |
| Gallbladder | A small, pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver in the upper right abdomen. It’s primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. |
| Bile Ducts | A network of tubes that transport, bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver, to the gallbladder and small intestine. Bile helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. |
| Mesentery | A fold of tissue that attaches the intestine to the back wall of the abdomen, helping to support and stabilize them. It consist of two layers of peritoneum, which enclosed blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that supply the intestines. |
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