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functions of blood v
st430 predictor test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what effects do ANP and BNP have? | stimulate vasodilation and decrease blood volume |
| a patient has hemorrhaged 1 L blood; is diaphoretic (profuse perspiration), oliguric (decreased urinary output), and tachycardic. physiologically, what is happening? | in response to the blood loss and declining blood pressure, the baroreceptor reflex has kicked in, causing a sympathetic discharge |
| which of the following is true regarding the sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the baroreceptor reflex? they carry: | motor information from the spinal cord to the heart and blood vessels. |
| the function of the nozzle on a garden hose most closely resembles the funtion of the: | arterioles |
| baroreceptors: | are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch and sense changes in blood pressure |
| which of the following is most responsible for the plasma oncotic pressure? | albumin |
| why does blood flow from the arterial side of the circulation to the venous side of the circulation? | the pressure on the arterial side of the circulation is higher than the pressure on the venous side of the circulation. |
| which of the following might result from ischemia? | tissue damage |
| an elderly person has been on bed rest for 2 weeks. on her first attempt to get out of bed, she experiences an episode of syncope. what is the most likely cardiovascular explanation for her fainting episode? | postural hypotension |
| which of the following is true of vasoconstriction? | increases SVR |
| which artery is most often used to measure blood pressure? | brachial |
| blood flow is slowest in the: | capillaries |
| capillary pressure is a reflection of: | blood pressure |
| loss of speech, paralysis, and possible death can be caused by: | rupture of a blood vessel in the brain |
| a patient takes a drug that immediately causes a reflex tachycardia. what is the most likely explanation for this effect on heart rate? | the drug causes a sudden decline in blood pressure, thereby activating the baroreceptor reflex |
| in which direction does blood flow shift in response to exercise? | increased blood flow to skin and skeletal muscles |
| systemic vascular resistance decreases when the: | arterioles dilate |
| which of the following is most related to the systolic reading, diastolic reading, and Korotkoff sounds? | blood pressure |
| a sphygmomanometer measure: | blood pressure |
| both epinephrine and norepinephrine are: | secreted by the adrenal medulla |
| what is the mean arterial pressure of a blood pressure of 140/80? | 100 mm Hg |
| which of the following elevates blood pressure? | Vasopressors |
| which blood vessels have very thin walls and are called the exchange vessels? | capillaries |
| which statement is the best explanation of the following: sympathetic nerve stimulation increases systemic vascular resistance. | sympathetic nerve stimulation causes many of the arterioles in the peripheral circulation to constrict |
| an intense vagal discharge is most apt to cause: | decreased heart rate |
| which of the following is not true of an adult male who has a blood pressure of 116/72 mm Hg? | the pulse pressure is 100 mm Hg |
| which part of the brain participates in the baroreceptor reflex? | medulla oblongata |
| a patient has a heart rate of 128 beats/min, a blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg, and an ejection fraction of 35%. the pulse pressure is: | 30 mm Hg |
| which statement is not true about baroreceptors? | activated by hypoxemia |
| a tight collar might trigger the baroreceptor reflex because the: | carotid baroreceptors interpret the elevated carotid pressure as an elevation of blood pressure |
| while "taking" a blood pressure, you record the first Korotkoff sounds as the: | systolic reading |
| if plasma osmolarity increases, as in dehydration or the infusion of mannitol (a sugar solution), | fluid is "pulled" into the capillary from the interstitium |
| a pregnant woman notices that her ankles are swollen after standing for 6 hours at her place of employment. in the evening, when she elevates her feet, the swelling diminishes because: | capillary pressure in the blood vessels of the lower extremities decreases. |
| which of the following is not true about blood pressure? | blood pressure is higher in the vena cava than in the arterioles |
| blood pressure is lowest in the: | inferior vena cava |
| in the dehydrated state, | capillary filtration pressure decreases, and tissue fluid is pulled back into the blood vessels. |
| which of the following is the most likely consequence of venodilation, or "pooling" of the blood in the venous circulation? | decreased venous return |
| which of the following structures has the greatest effect on systemic vascular resistance? | arterioles |
| your patient's initial blood pressure was 155/95 mm Hg. after 10 minutes, his blood pressure was 125/75 mm Hg. which of the following best reflects this observation? | white coat hypertension |
| plasma oncotic pressure is caused primarily by: | plasma proteins, especially albumin. |
| which of the following is most likely to induce carotid sinus syncope? | exertion of pressure over the carotid sinus (tight collar) |
| which condition can occur as a result of low blood volume? | postural hypotension |
| ANP and BNP are secreted by the heart in response to: | distension of the heart walls |
| which of the following drugs is most likely to increase systemic vascular resistance? | arteriolar constrictor |
| which of the following is true? (CO is cardiac output, BP is blood pressure, SV is stroke volume, HR is heart rate, SVR is systemic vascular resistance.) | BP=SV x HR x SVR |
| if a child with nephrotic syndrome loses large amounts of albumin in the urine (albuminuria), | plasma oncotic pressure decreases, and edema develops. |
| what is the pulse pressure when a person's blood pressure is 120/80mm Hg? | 40 mm Hg |
| edema is least likely to occur in which of the following situations? | plasma osmolarity increases when the patient becomes dehydrated. |
| to maintain a consistent cardiac output, what happens to SV as HR increases? | stroke volume decreases |
| if digital (finger press) pressure is exerted over the carotid sinus, you would expect: | that the medulla oblongata will interpret the signal as high blood pressure and therefore fire the vagus nerve. |
| which of the following is a consequence of sympathetic nerve stimulation? | all are correct |
| if capillary pore size increases, as in severe burns, | albumin is filtered from the capillaries and is deposited in the tissue space. |
| which of the following exerts a vasopressor effect? | ADH |
| an IV infusion of mannitol (a sugar solution) is used to decrease intracranial pressure in a head-injured patient because mannitol: | pulls water out of the interstitium of the brain into the capillaries, thereby relieving edema. |
| an agent that is described as a vasopressor: | elevates blood pressure |
| if capillary pressure exceeds plasma oncotic pressure, | more fluid leaves the capillaries to enter the interstitium |
| what do the baroreceptors sense? | blood pressure |
| the characteristic of the arteriole that allows it to function as a resistance vessel is its: | smooth muscle |
| if the left ventricle of the heart fails, blood backs up in the pulmonary capillary, | increasing capillary pressure and forcing fluid into the lungs |
| a decreased plasma oncotic pressure is caused by: | loss of plasma proteins, such as albumin. |
| with regard to the baroreceptor reflex, which event occurs first? | activation of the baroreceptors in response to a drop in blood pressure |
| what is the term that refers to the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings? | pulse pressure |
| which of the following increases systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, and heart rate? | stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system |
| which of the following is a true statement regarding baroreceptors? | baroreceptors are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch. |
| which of the following is not true of the Valsalva maneuver? | forced exhalation decreases pressure in the chest. |
| which of the following refers to an insufficient blood supply to an organ or body part? | ischemia |
| ADH increases blood pressure by all of the following except: | activating baroreceptors. |
| the disappearance of Korotkoff sounds: | both indicates that blood flow has been restored in the previously occluded blood vessel and is recorded as the diastolic reading |
| which of the following is most likely to develop if the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries increases? | pulmonary edema |
| if the lymphatic vessels are blocked or surgically removed, | fluid and protein accumulate in the interstitium, thereby causing edema |
| if plasma oncotic pressure exceeds capillary pressure, | fluid moves into the capillary from the interstitium. |
Created by:
editsuchan
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