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urinary
st430 predictor test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Albuminuria is most indicative of: | increased pore size of the glomeruli. |
| What is the urine-making structure of the kidney? | Nephron unit |
| Albuminuria and generalized edema (anasarca) are usually accompanied by: | hypoalbuminemia. |
| Which of the following structures is considered “plumbing”? | Ureter |
| The renal cortex descends between the pyramids as the: | renal columns. |
| The collecting duct: | is primarily concerned with the concentration of urine |
| Which of the following is not “plumbing”? | Glomeruli |
| What is the major artery that supplies the kidneys? | Renal |
| Hyperkalemia: | refers to an elevation in serum potassium. |
| Micturition: | is another term for urination. |
| Aldosterone: | causes Na+ and water reabsorption. |
| The urinary bladder: | : causes micturition when the detrusor muscle contracts and the internal sphincter relaxes |
| Which of the following statements about nephrosis is incorrect? | Scarring of the glomeruli occurs, resulting in an inability to filter water and dissolved substances efficiently. |
| Glomerular filtration pressure is caused by: | blood pressure. |
| When does renal reabsorption occur? | When water and dissolved solute move from the tubules into the peritubular capillaries. |
| Which blood vessel(s) is (are) primarily concerned with reabsorption? | Peritubular capillaries |
| Which of the following is true of urea? | Is an excretable form of nitrogen. |
| The triangular bladder floor is called the: | trigone. |
| ADH: | stimulates the collecting duct to reabsorb water. |
| The detrusor muscle is located in the: | urinary bladder. |
| Which substance is filtered by the glomerulus and is excreted in the urine (there is minimal reabsorption)? | Creatinine |
| Which condition is associated with proteinuria? | Glomerular damage |
| Bowman’s capsule is part of the: | nephron unit. |
| The distal convoluted tubule: | reabsorbs Na+ and water in response to aldosterone. |
| Angiotensin II: | is a potent vasoconstrictor. |
| Cystitis refers to inflammation of the: | urinary bladder. |
| Urine flows from the ascending limb (loop of Henle) into the: | distal convoluted tubule. |
| Which of the following is found in the kidney? | Nephron units |
| Which of the following is false with regard to normal urine? | Normal urine has E. coli as part of its normal flora. |
| The efferent arterioles extend to become the: | peritubular capillaries. |
| A drug that blocks the effects of aldosterone: | decreases the reabsorption of Na+ and water. |
| Which condition is characterized by hematuria and pyuria? | Cystitis |
| A deficiency of aldosterone causes a decrease in the tubular reabsorption of sodium and water, causing a significant decrease in blood volume and: | hypotension. |
| Which of the following is caused by prolonged hypotension? | Oliguria |
| Which of the following is most likely to cause polyuria? | Deficiency of ADH |
| An anticholinergic (muscarinic antagonist) drug, such as atropine, prevents both the relaxation of the urinary sphincter and the contraction of the detrusor muscle. You would therefore observe the patient for signs of: | urinary retention. |
| Renal failure causes anemia because of: | a lack of erythropoietin. |
| Glucosuria is most likely to cause: | polyuria and dehydration. |
| Which of the following is handled by the kidneys as either urea or ammonia? | Nitrogen |
| The urinary meatus is a part of the: | urethra. |
| Pyuria is indicative of: | infection. |
| Angiotensin II: | elevates blood pressure. |
| A severe decline in blood pressure is most apt to induce: | oliguria. |
| Where does aldosterone exert its effects? | Distal convoluted tubule |
| With regard to reabsorption, which structure plays the most important role? | Peritubular capillaries |
| The calyces receive urine from the: | collecting ducts. |
| Which of the following occurs at the distal convoluted tubule? | Sodium and water are reabsorbed. |
| The detrusor muscle is concerned with: | micturition. |
| The urinary tract is lined with: | mucous membrane. |
| Urea is: | all are correct. |
| What vascular structure is found between the afferent and efferent arterioles? | Glomerulus |
| Under normal conditions, which substance is present in the urine? | Creatinine |
| Renin activates: | angiotensinogen. |
| Which of the following is correct? | One urethra |
| The renal capsule: | surrounds the kidneys. |
| A sudden decline in blood pressure to 80/45 mm Hg is most apt to: | cause oliguria. |
| An elevated serum creatinine level is most indicative of: | declining renal function. |
| ADH exerts its effects primarily on the: | collecting duct. |
| This hormone increases systemic vascular resistance and causes the release of aldosterone. | Angiotensin II |
| Natriuresis refers to the renal excretion of: | Na+. |
| Reasons why the kidneys fail include: | infection, nephrotoxic drugs, and chronic hypertension. |
| The renal excretion of Na+ is generally accompanied by the excretion of: | water. |
| What is the earliest consequence of a decreased GFR, as in shock? | Oliguria |
| Which of the following urine-making processes occurs first? | Glomerular filtration |
| Which of the following is true of dehydration? | Is characterized by an increase in urine specific gravity |
| The internal and external sphincters are associated with (the): | urinary bladder. |
| Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: | expands blood volume. |
| A diuretic: | causes the excretion of sodium and water in the urine. |
| The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is located near the: | afferent arteriole. |
| Which of the following is true of aldosterone? | It is the “salt-retaining” hormone. |
| In the process of secretion, a substance moves from the peritubular capillaries into what structure? | Renal tubules |
| The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) secretes: | renin. |
| Most diuretics work by: | blocking the tubular reabsorption of Na+. |
| Which of the following is not true of ADH? | Causes the renal excretion of sodium, potassium, and water. |
| Aldosterone: | is a mineralocorticoid that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium. |
| Which hormone affects blood volume? | Aldosterone |
| A patient with a head injury is secreting excess ADH. What is likely to occur? | All are correct |
| Which of the following words best describes the function of the urinary bladder? | Storage |
| Which of the following statements is not true of glucosuria? | Precipitates form within the tubular structures and severely impair urine formation. |
| Low levels of oxygen stimulate the kidneys to secrete which hormone? | Erythropoietin |
| The “urine-making” structure of the kidney is the: | nephron unit. |
| Most tubular reabsorption takes place: | across the proximal tubule. |
| Which of the following should not be found in the glomerular filtrate? | Albumin |
| The word voiding refers to: | micturition. |
| A patient with stenosis (narrowing) of the renal artery is most likely to present with: | hypertension. |
| Which of the following is absorbed across the walls of the collecting duct under the influence of ADH? | Water |
| Which of the following terms refers to the voluntary expulsion of urine? | Micturition |
| What happens at the glomerular membrane? | Water and dissolved solute are filtered into Bowman’s capsule. |
| Which of the following is true of glomerular function? | An increase in GFR increases urine formation. |
| The juxtaglomerular apparatus: | is a blood pressure regulating structure |
| Which structure is located between the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder? | Ureter |
| A drug is classified as a diuretic. Most likely, the drug: | blocks the tubular reabsorption of Na+. |
| Most angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II primarily in the: | lungs. |
| The proximal convoluted tubules extend to become the: | descending limb (loop of Henle). |
| What part of the nephron unit filters 180 L of water per day? | Glomeruli |
| What is the meaning of an elevated serum creatinine? | The kidneys are not filtering creatinine; this is a sign of kidney failure. |
| Kaliuresis refers to the renal excretion of: | potassium. |
| Which of the following is caused by a deficiency of erythropoietin? | Anemia |
| The trigone, detrusor, and rugae are all related to the: | urinary bladder. |
| Glucose is not normally excreted in the urine because: | all filtered glucose is reabsorbed. |
| The efferent arterioles extend to become the: | peritubular capillaries. |
| Creatinine is: | a waste product that is filtered and not reabsorbed. |
Created by:
editsuchan
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