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4.03 Reprod. System
NC Health Science I Male and Female Reproductive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Scrotum | Sac of skin that contains the testes; Controls the climate of the testes |
| Seminiferous tubules | Located in the testes, convoluted tubules; Formation of sperm |
| Epididymis | Located in posterior & lateral to the testes; Assists in final development of sperm & stores sperm |
| Testes | Male gonad, Located in scrotum, produces testosterone & androgen, holds seminiferous tubules that produce sperm |
| Sperm | Male Gamete; Function=to fertilize an egg & transmit information; 100 million in 1 mL of ejaculated fluid |
| Vas Deferens | Thick–walled tube that connects the testes with the urethra; Carries sperm out of the testes |
| Seminal vesicles | Pair of glands located in the pelvis, superior to rectum, inferior to bladder, & posterior to the prostate gland; Produces secretions to nourish sperm |
| Ejaculatory Duct | Two hollow tubules formed by the union of the vas deferens & the duct from the seminal vesicle; Discharges sperm into the urethra |
| Urethra | Connects to reproductive system ducts, passageway for urine & sperm; Serves both the reproductive & urinary systems, discharges reproductive contents |
| Prostate Gland | Located underneath the bladder, about the size of a chestnut; Produces fluid that enhances sperm motility & assists with expulsion of sperm |
| Bulbourethral Glands | Located on either side and below the prostate gland; AKA–Cowper's gland, adds alkaline secretions to the semen |
| Penis | Erectile tissue that engorges with blood when male become aroused. During an orgasm, secretions are expelled from the urethra |
| Prepuce | Covers the tip of the penis |
| Male Reproduction | Produce, maintain and transport sperm & semen; Produce & secrete male sex hormones |
| Hormone production (Male) | Testosterone–Stimulates growth & development of the male reproductive organs & secondary sex characteristics |
| Epididymitis | –Infection/inflammation of the epididymis usually caused by STI, UTI, or prostate infections; –S/S–Epididymis becomes swollen & painful usually in one testicle; Rx–Antibiotics |
| Erectile Dysfunction | Impotence, failure of penis to become rigid; –Causes–medication, chronic illness, poor blood flow, drinking too much, being tired; –Penis is affected; –Rx–medications, therapy, lifestyle changes, implants |
| Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) | Enlarges prostate causing dysuria & urinary retention; Prostate is affected; Rx–Depends on symptoms, prostatectomy is the usually treatment |
| Prostate Cancer | Tumor in the prostate, usually no symptoms until it is large enough to spread then symptoms include: urinary frequency, trouble starting & stopping urination.\n–Prostate is affected\nRx–Prostatectomy, radiation, chemotherapy |
| Ovary | Female gonad, 2, located in pelvic cavity, about the size of an almond; Produces ova & female hormones |
| Ova, Ovum | Female gamete, largest cell in the human body |
| Fallopian Tubes | oviduct or uterine tube, 4" long, NOT attached to the ovaries; Passageway for ova to travel to uterus, fertilization usually occurs in tubes |
| Uterus | Hollow pear–shaped thick–walled muscular organ located posterior to the urinary bladder & anterior to the rectum; Expands to hold the growing fetus |
| Endometrium | Inner lining of the uterus |
| Myometrium | Muscular layer of the uterus |
| Perimetrium | Outer layer around the uterus |
| Cervix | Lower end of the uterus on top of the vagina, about 1" in length; Allows for flow of menstrual blood to exit, entrance for sperm |
| Vagina | Birth canal, 10 cm long smooth muscle lined mucous membrane; –Conduit for menstrual flow; –Allows for penis during sexual intercourse; –Passageway for baby during birth |
| Vulva | External female genitalia; Protect the internal reproductive organs |
| Clitoris | Female erectile tissue; Contains nerve endings |
| Labia | Folds of skin surrounding the vagina; Labia majora–outer fatty folds; Labia minora–inner folds |
| Perineum | Separates the vagina and the rectum |
| Mammary glands (breast) | Accessory organs–Contains granular & adipose tissue; Areola–darkened area around nipple; Nipple–center of breast; Stimulated by prolactin to produce milk |
| Estrogen | Hormone that develops & maintains both reproductive & female characteristics; Produced in the Ovary |
| Progesterone | Hormone that regulates condition of inner lining of the uterus, prepares this lining to accept a fertilized egg; Produced in the Ovary |
| Ovulation Stage | LH, FSH & estrogen peak; Follicle ruptures & ovum is released from ovary |
| Menstruation Stage | Occurs when unfertilized ovum is discharged with degenerated endometrium over about 6 days |
| Follicle Stage | FSH is released from the pituitary gland\nFSH stimulates follicle & ovum to mature; Estrogen is released from ovary & preparation of the uterine lining starts |
| Corpus Luteum Stage (Luteal Phase) | Progesterone is secreted & if the egg is fertilized, the hormone will continue to by secreted; Uterine lining is maintained & further ovulation is prevented |
| Conception | |
| Pregnancy | Sperm & egg join to form a fertilized egg and then three to four days later the fertilized egg implants itself in the lining of the uterus |
| Menopause | when the menstrual cycle ends, usually occurs b/t ages 45–55, will also occur with removal of the ovaries &/or uterus |
| Cervical Cancer | Change in cells of the cervix; –Usually caused by HPV (human papilloma virus); –detected by pap smears; –Rx–surgery & radiation |
| Endometriosis | Endometrial tissue grows outside of uterus; –S/S–severe cramps, heavy menstruation, pain during or after intercourse; –Tx–pain management, hormone (birth control), surgical removal of tissue |
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | Infection/inflammation of reproductive organs (uterus, fall. tubes, cervix); –Caused by STI like chlamydia or gonorrhea; –Rx–antibiotics & pain management; –Scarring of fall. tubes possible |
| Toxic Shock Syndrome | Overgrowth of staph bacteria in women's body; –Affects menstruating women using super–absorbent tampons; –S/S–hypotension, high fever, vomiting & resp. distress; –Rx–hospitalization & antibiotics |
| Yeast Infection | Overgrowth of candida in vaginal area usually d/t antibiotic use; –S/S–burning, redness, swelling of vagina/vulva, thick white odorless discharge; Tx–antifungal creams/ointments, oral medications |
| Amenorrhea | absence of menstruation\nmissing at least 3 periods in a row |
| Dysmenorrhea | menstrual cramps |
| Menorrhagia | heavy or prolonged bleeding with periods |
| PMS–PreMenstrual Syndrome | S/S–HA, bloating, food cravings, acne, &/or mood changes 1–2 weeks prior to start of period; ? caused by hormone levels |
| Breast Cancer | Cancer that forms in the breast tissue; Most common in women, but may occur in men; S/S–breast lump, change in size/appearance of breast; Early detection=getting to know your breast tissue through self–breast exams, Mammograms at 40 |
| Mastitis | Inflammation of breast tissue–involving an infection, most common in breast feeding mothers; S/S–breast tenderness, warmth & redness, pain during breastfeeding, fever; Rx–Keep breast feeding, pumping if needed |
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jamiesheets1984
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