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Breast Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the the basic functional and histopathological unit of breast? | The terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) |
| What is the TDLU function? | Milk Production: TDLUs are responsible for producing and secreting milk during lactation. This comes from the luminal epithelium Supportive Tissue: Surrounded by connective tissue and myoepithelial tissue (contractile, responds to oxytocin) |
| What is the clinical relevance of TDLU? | Most breast cancers and benign breast lesions originate in the TDLUs. This includes conditions like ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) |
| From what embryological tissue does breast epithelium form? | Ectoderm (Forms milk lines) |
| How many layers does breast epithelium have | two: Luminal (milk formation) and myoepithelial (contracts) |
| Where in the breast tissue does progesterone act? | Lobules , it triggers lobules growth in preparation for pregnancy deliver |
| What hormones inhibit mil formation during pregnancy? | Estrogens and progesterone |
| What hormone triggers breast milk secretion after delivery? | Prolactine, that comes from anterior pituitary gland and nipple stimulation is also needed |
| What hormone during breast feeding inhibits ovulation? | Oxytocin and prolactine |
| What are the main components of breast milk? | Lactose, IgA (Passive immunization), Macrophages, Lymphocytes, Lactoferrin (antimicrobial) and lizosomas (breaks down bacterial walls) |
| What advantages come from breastfeeding? | Baby: Lower risk of Gi and pulmonary infections, Low risk of allergies Mother: Low risk of breast cancer , low ris of depression, weight loss, low risk of cardiac disease |
| What hormone inhibits prolactin formation? | Dopamine, this is why dopamine antagonist (Haldol, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine) can cause rise in prolactine and galactorrhea can occur |
| What causes galactorrhea? | Cronic nipple stimulation, Prolactinoma, Drugs like haldol |
| What 3 stages in a mans life can come with gynecomastia? | - Neonatal because estrogens come from the mother, puberty because androgens are high and form estrogens and in older man (50 or older) because low testosterone and high fat |
| What pathological states can cause gynecomastia? | Cirrhosis(because estrogens are not well metabolized, Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY) because of low testosterone and drugs that lower androgesn such as spironolactone, ketoconazol and cimetidine |
Created by:
marticaospina81
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