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Define Otolith
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A&PII Special Senses
Review for Special Senses and Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Hormone | Steroidal or amino acid based molecules released to the blood that act as chemical messengers to regulate specific functions |
| Define Otolith | A jelly-like mass studded with calcium carbonate crystals |
| Define Saccule | Is continuous with the membranous labbyrinth extending anteriorly into the cochlea |
| Define Prostaglandin | A lipid-based chemical messenger synthesized by most tissue cells that acts locally as a paracrine |
| Define Epinephrine | Chief hormone produced by the adrenal medulla |
| How can a hormone affect one cell, but not another in the same region? | Each hormone has a chemical structure htat activates only the cells it fits with. When the hormone meets the cells its intended to affect, it can elicit a specific response in that type of cell only. |
| Describe Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) and explain its effects on the body. | 3 stages:1.Alarm-"fight or flight" response 2.Resistance-adaptation part of syndrome 3.Exhaustion-if constant & serious death may occur.Alarm-increase adrenaline, resistance-people try to adapt, body may change to cope, Exhaustion-could lead to |
| The secretion of __________is most affected by light | Melatonin |
| Arachicdonic acid is the precursor of? | All prostaglandins |
| Which is known as the "second messenger"? | cAMP |
| Clouding of the lens is known as? | Cataracts |
| Which term is not associated with this group?a.perilymph b.scala vestibuli c.rod d.endolymph e.round window | Rod |
| Which type of gland is associated with the external ear? | Cerumonious |
| What "dampens" waves in the perilymph? | Force of stapes on the membranous labyrinth |
| Which is most important in night vision?a.Rods b.cones c.choroid d.lens e.macula lutea | Rods |
| Which would be found in the anterior chamber of the eye?a.vitreous humor b.aqueous humor c.perilymph d.endolymph e.cerebrospinal fluid | Aqueous humor |
| Which could be found in lacrimal fluid?a.ADH b.lysozyme c.HCl d.Au e.tiny pieces of the retina that have broken loose | Lysozyme |
| Which tunic is most important in maintaining the shape of they eye?a.retina b.choroid c.lens d.scelera e.superior oblique muscle | Scelera |
| Lacriaml fluid usually drains into the?a.nasal cavity b.gastric pits c.anterior chamber d.blood vessels of the carotid artery | Nasal cavity |
| Which is not a basic taste?a.sweet b.sour c.salt d.bitter e.chocolate | Chocolate |
| Which cranial nerve is not involved with a special sense?a.vagus b.optic c.olfactory d.glossopharyngeal e.facial | Vagus |
| Term that refers to the bending of light? | Refraction |
| Hormone primairly responsible for setting the basal metabolic rate? | Thyroine |
| Hypothalamic relasing hormones are? | Transported by portal veins to the anterior pituitary |
| What do testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone all have in common? | They are amino acid derivatives |
| Which does not belong in this group of terms?a.thyroid b.pituitary c.pancreas d.stomach e.adrenals | Stomach |
| Which is an antagonistic to calcitonin?a.TSH b.GH c.PTH d.ADH e.ACTH | PTH |
| Which hormone would not be involved with this group of hormones?a.oxytocin b.LH c.follicle stimulating hormone d.prolactin e.gh | GH |
| Which would not be released by the adrenal gland?a.mineralcorticoids b.gluccorticoids c.sex steroids d.epinephrine e.ADH | Mineralcorticoids |
| Which works most closely with the sympathetic "fight or flight" response?a.adrenal cortex b.adrenal medulla c.thyroid gland d.pineal gland e.pancreas | Adrenal medulla |
| Define Photoreceptor | Specialed receptor cells that respond to light energy; rods and cones |
| Define Malleus | Is a hammer shaped small bone of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to innere surface of the eardrum |
| Define Olfaction | Has to do with our sense of smell |
| Why do our eyes water when we get a common "cold"? | The nasal cavity mucosa is continuous with that of the lacrimal duct system, a cold often causes the lacrimal mucosa to become inflamed adn swell. This swelling constricts the ducts and prevents tears from draining from the eye surface |
| Describe three basic chemical classifications of hormones and describe how each acts on target cells. | autocrine-signals itself thru a chemical that it synthesizes&then responds 2.Paracrine-Chemical signals that diffuse into the area & interact with receptors on nearby cells. Endocrine-Chemicals are secreted into blood & tissue fluids 2 cells they act upon |
| Blood vessles are found in which part of the eye?a.cornea b.lens c.choroid d.aqueous humour | Choroid |
| Part of eye that is made up of nervous tissue is?a.scelera b.choroid c.iris d.retina | Retina |
| The function of the lacrimal apparatus is to? | Secrete tears |
| Which is not part of the bony labyrinth?a.semicirucular canals b.malleus c.vestibule d.cochlea | Malleus |
| Major function of the utricle and saccule in the vestibule is? | Detect position of the head |
| The semicircular canals are in __________ planes of the body? | 3 |
| Movement of hair cells in the organ of corti against the __________ membrane can stimulate nerve impulse conduction | Tectorial |
| The olfactory nerve carries impulses associated with? | Smell |
| Which is not one of the four taste sensations?a.acid b.sour.c.bitter d.sweet | Sour |
| Hyposecretion of GH in children results in? | Pituitary dwarfism |
| Melanocyte stimulating hormone affects? | Skin color |
| The production of glucocorticoids is stimulated by antor hormone from? | Anterior pituitary |
| Which of the following is not a possible role played by hormones? | Symbiotic |
| What part of the nervous system acts to accelerate the rage of adrenal medulla hormone discarge | Sympathetic division of ANS |
| An abnormally high metabolic rate could be associated with the functioning of? | Thyroid gland |
| Gland that serves in both an exocrine and endocrine capacity is? | Pancreas |
| Hormones produced by the islands of Langerhans affect the body's utilization of? | Glucose |
| The adrenal gland is to the kidneys as the parathyroid gland is to the? | Thyroid |
| Mechanoreceptors are to pressure as photoreceptors are to? | Light |
| Which organs consist of small areas of mucous epithelium on either side of the nasal septum? | Olfactory |
| Which of the following is not a type of papillae on the human tongue?a.filiform b.ovulate c.fungiform d.circumvallate | Ovulate |
| What cartilagnious structure surrounds the external auditory meatus of the ear? | Pinna |
| Waxy material in the ear is product of? | Cerumnious glands |
| The organ of hearing is housed within? | The vestibule |
| Which of the following is not a layer of the eye?a.fibrous tunic b.connective tunic c.vascular tunic d.neural tunic | Connective tunic |
| Contraction of the iris changes the size of the? | Pupil |
| The anterior and posterior portions of the eye contain a fluid called? | Aqueous humour and vitreous humor |
| Which structures are black and white sensitive; and which one are color sensitive? | Rods and cones |
| Night blindness is treated with? | Vitamin A |
| Visual pigment are derivatives of the compound? | Rhodopsin |
| Hormones change all but which of the following characteristics of enzymes?a.identity b.activity c.quantity d.site of production | Site of production |
| The thyroid hormones are all structural derivatives of the amino acid __________ and contains the element __________? | Thyroxine and iodine |
| The most noteable stimulus for the release of ADH is? | A rise in blood electrolyte and fall in blood pressure or volume |
| To decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys is the primary function of what hormone? | ADH |
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