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A&P chapter 6
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adenoids | the nasopharyngeal tonsils located in the nasopharynx; they protect entry into respiratory system |
| allergy | a hypersensitivity or over reaction by the body to a particular antigen |
| anaphylaxis | anaphyalactic shock; a systematic reaction or a severe response to an allergen that can be life threatening |
| antibiotic | medication capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacterial micro-organisms that is not effective against viral infections |
| antifungal | antimycotic; agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi; used locally on athlete's foot or systematically for nail fungus |
| antigen | a substance that the body regards as being foreign; causes immature B cells to become plasma cells |
| antihistamines | block release of histamines to relieve or prevent the symptoms of hay fever, which is a common allergy to wind-born pollens or other types of allergies |
| antineoplastic | a medication that blocks the development, growth, or proliferation (rapid production) of malignant cells |
| antiviral agents | treat viral infections or provide temporary immunity by interfering with viral replication |
| acquired immunity | active immunity; production of antibodies against a specific antigen by the immune system by contracting an infectious disease such as the immunity to chicken pox |
| artificial immunity | protection one receives from a vaccine, such as a flu vaccine |
| B cells | specialized lymphocytes that produce and secrete antibodies; their cell membranes have specific antibodies; some B cells turn into plasma cells |
| bacilli | rod shaped, spore forming bacteria; causes tetanus and TB |
| bacteria | one celled, microscopic organisms; includes bacilli, rickettsia, spirochetes, staphylococci, and streptococci |
| bactericide | a substance that causes death to bacteria; includes penicillins and sephalosporins |
| bacteriostatic | an agent that slows down or stops the growth of bacteria; includes tetracycline, sulfonamide, and erythromycin |
| benign tumor | a non-cancerous growth that can cause problems by placing pressure on adjacent structures; usually don't reoccur with a better chance of recovery |
| bone marrow | produces blood cells |
| brachytheraphy | the use of radioactive materials in contact or implanted into the tissues to be treated |
| chicken pox | varicella; caused by the herpes virus, is highly contagious; characterized by a fever and a rash consisting of hundreds of itchy, fluid-filled blisters that burst and form crust |
| complement | group of proteins that normally circulate in blood in an inactive form; they help kill harmful cells by drilling holes in cell membranes and marking foreign invaders to attract phagocytes to destroy them |
| corticosteroid | a hormone-like preparation administered primarily as an anti-inflammatory and as an immunosuppressant |
| Crohn's disease | a chronic autoimmune disorder that occurs anywhere in the digestive tract, however it most often found in the ileum and in the colon |
| cytotoxic | a medicine that kills or damages cells |
| functions of the lymphatic system | absorbs fats and fat soluble vitamins from the small intestines; removes waste from the tissues; provides aid to the immune system |
| Hepatitis B | a blood-borne disease that affects the liver and is transmitted through contact of blood or other bodily fluids that are contaminated with the virus; prevented by the hepatitis B vaccine |
| histology | a study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue |
| immune response | antigen-antibody reaction; antibodies are produced to find and kill antigens; requires the actions of many specialized cells |
| immune system | maintains good health and protects the body from harmful substances |
| immunization | a vaccination or artificial immunity that provides protection for susceptible individuals from communicable diseases by the administration of a vaccine to provide immunity |
| immunosuppressant | a treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens; a medication used by transplant patients to prevent rejection |
| infectious mononucleosis | mono; caused by the EBV; causes fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, and possible swelling of the spleen and liver involvement |
| interferon | a family of proteins produced by the T cells within hours of contracting a virus whose specialty is fighting viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication |
| invasive lobular carcinoma | infiltrating lobular carcinoma; a cancer that starts in the milk glands. it breaks through the wall of the gland and then invades the fatty tissue of the breast |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | opportunistic infection that is associated with HIV; a cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissues to grow under the skin in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat or in other organs |
| lacteals | specialized structure of the lymphatic system located in the walls of the small intestines |
| lingual tonsils | lymphatic tissue located at the base of the tongue |
| lymph fluid and vessels | returns cellular waste back to the circulatory system |
| lymph nodes | specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens or killing viruses by filtering bacteria or harmful substances from lymph |
| lymph vessels | have valves to prevent the backward flow of lymph and returns intracellular fluid to the veins |
| lymphocytes | specialized WBC formed in the bone marrow as stem cells |
| macrophage | type of WBC that surround and kill invading cells; they remove dead cells and stimulate the action of other immune cells |
| malaria | disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes; is transferred to humans by the bite of an infectious mosquito |
| malignant | harmful, capable of spreading, potentially life-threatening tumor |
| measles | an acute, highly contagious infection caused by the rubeola virus and transmitted by the respiratory droplets; symptoms include, high fever, runny nose, coughing, photophobia, red itchy rash over the entire body, and koplixs spots in the mouth |
| metastasized | process by which cancer spreads from one place to another or from the primary site to a secondary site |
| multiple sclerosis | progressive autoimmune disorder that affects the nervous system |
| nasopharyngeal tonsils | adenoids that are located in the nasopharynx |
| natural immunity | immunity passed from the mother to her fetus before birth that only lasts for a short time |
| parasites | plant or animal that lives on or in another organism at the expense of that organism; not bacteria |
| peyers patches | located on the walls of the ileum or in the intestines; they form lymphocytes |
| rabies | an acute viral infection that is mostly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal |
| rubella | the German measles or the 3-day measles; it is a viral infection characterized by a low grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine pink rash; causes congenital abnormalities |
| sarcoma | a malignant tumor that arises from connected tissues including hard tissues (bone), soft tissues, and liquid tissues |
| shingles | herpes zoster; acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve, occurs when a dormant chicken pox virus is reactivated |
| skin | wraps the body in a physical barrier that prevents invading organisms from entering the body |
| spirochete | spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement |
| spleen | a sack-like mass of lymphoid tissue located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen; filters microorganisms and other foreign material from the blood; a gland that plays an important role in the immune and cardiovascular systems |
| stage 1 breast cancer | cancer that has not spread beyond the milk duct or past the breast; no larger than 2cm |
| staphylococci | staph infection; a group of 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes |
| streptococci | bacteria that forms a chain |
| structures of the lymphatic system | lymph, lymphatic vessels and ducts, lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, spleen, lacteals, peyer's patches, the vermiform appendix, and lymphocytes |
| synthetic immunoglobulins | immune serum; produced in a lab; used as a post exposure preventative measure against certain viruses including rabies and hepatitis |
| T cell | T lymphocytes; small lymphocytes that develop in the thymus as a result of exposure to the hormone thymosin which is secreted by the thymus; produce inferferon and lymphokines and release a substance that attracts phagies and is part of the immune system |
| thymus | located superior to the heart; endocrine gland that assists the immune system and plays an important role in the endocrine system and helps mature T cells |
| tonsils | 3 masses of lymph node tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat that protect the entrance to the respiratory system |
| tuberculosis | TB; caused by the bacilli bacteria |
| varicella | chicken pox caused by the herpes simplex |
| vermiform appendix | hangs from the lower portion of the cecum (first section of the large intestine); lymphatic tissue thought to play a role in the immune system |
| western blot | blood test that produces more accurate results than the ELISA test; performed the confirm the diagnosis of HIV when the ELISA test is positive |
| villi | small, finger like projections that line the small intestine |
| lymph | clear watery fluid that transports waste products and proteins out of the spaces between the cells of the body tissues; destroys bacteria or other pathogens that are present in the tissues |
| lymphatic capillaries | microscopic, blind-ended tubes located near the surface of the body |
| thoracic duct | largest lymphatic vessel in the body; empties into the left subclavian vein |
| cervical lymph nodes | located along the sides of the neck |
| axillary lymph nodes | located in the arm pits |
| inguinal lymph nodes | located in the groin area of the lower body |
| palatine tonsils | located on the left and right sides of the throat, in the area that is visible through the mouth |
| splenic | pertaining to the spleen |
| hemolytic | function of the spleen; destroying of worn out red blood cells and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse |
| pathogens | disease producing, microorganisms |
| allergens | substances that produce allergic reactions |
| toxins | poisons or harmful substances |
| malignant cells | potentially life-threatening cancer cells |
| antibody | a disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen |
| phagocyte | large WBC that can destroy substances such as cell debris, dust, pollen, and pathogens by the process of phagocytosis |
| phagocytosis | process of destroying pathogens by surrounding and swallowing them |
| allergic reaction | occurs when the body's immune system reacts to a harmless allergen such as pollen, food, or animal dander as if it were a dangerous invader |
| histamine | substance produced by the body that causes the itching, sneezing, watery eyes, and runny nose of an allergic reaction |
| monoclonal antibodies | any class of antibodies produced in a lab by identical offspring or a clone or exact replica of specific cells |
| pathogen | microorganism, living organism that is so small it can only be seen by the aid of a microscope, that causes a disease in humans |
Created by:
Redd
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