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CNS
anatomy of the brain and spinal cord
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| rostral | - in the superior direction (applies to CNS only) |
| caudal | - in the inferior direction (applies to CNS only) |
| functions of the spinal cord | - sensory and motor innervation of the entire body inferior to the head - two-way conduction pathway for signals between the body and the brain - major center for reflexes |
| conus medullaris | - the inferior end of the spinal cord - it tapers off into a long filament of CT, the filum terminale |
| divisions of the spinal nerves | - 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal |
| cauda equina | - collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal |
| Ascending fibers | - carry sensory information from the sensory neurons of the body up to the brain |
| Descending fibers | - carry motor instructions from the brain to the spinal cord |
| Commissural fibers | - a bundle of axons that crosses from one side of the CNS to the other - carry information from one part of the spinal cord to the other |
| spinal funiculi | - dorsal funiculus - ventral funiculus - lateral funiculus |
| Composition of gray matter in the spinal cord | - gray commissure - dorsal horns: interneurons - ventral horns - lateral horns |
| Zones of spinal cord gray matter | - somatic sensory (SS) - visceral sensory (VS) - visceral motor (VM) - somatic motor (SM) |
| Meninges | - 3 CT membranes just external to the brain and spinal cord - cover and protect CNS - enclose and protect blood vessels that supply CNS - contain CSF |
| Dura mater | - outermost layer, strongest of meninges - dense fibrous CT - forms protective covering around structures of the CNS - external to spinal dura is the epidural space |
| Arachnoid mater | - middle layer of the meninges - subdural space between this and outermost layer of meninges |
| Subarachnoid space | - just deep to arachnoid mater - weblike threads that hold arachnoid mater to underlying pia mater - filled with CSF and poorly protected blood vessels |
| Pia mater | - innermost layer of meninges - highly vascularized with fine blood vessels - clings tightly to surface of spinal cord - extends into coccyx covering filum terminale - lateral extensions = denticulate ligaments |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | - provides liquid cushion to give buoyancy to CNS - nourishes brain and spinal cord |
Created by:
peckman12
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