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Keia A&P1

Question	Answer
Psoas Major- Origin	Bodies & intervatebral disks of vertebrae T12-L5
Psoas Major- insertion	Lesser trochanter and nearby shaft of femur
Psoas Major- action	Flexes thigh at hip when trunk is fixed; flexes trunk at hip when thigh is fixed, e.g bowing
Iliacus-orign	Iliac crest & fossa, superolateral region of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac & Iliolumbar ligaments
Iliacus- action	Flexes thigh at hip when trunk is fixed; flexes trunk at hip when thigh is fixed, e.g bowing
Iliacus- insertion	Lesser trochanter of femur
Vastus lateralis- origin	Femur at greater trochanter & intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity & linea aspera aspera
Vastus lateralis- insertion	Patella, tuberosity, lateral & medial condyles of tibia.
Vastus lateralis- action	Extends and stabilizes knee
Vastus medialis- origin	Linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
Vastus medialis- insertion	Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Vastus medialis- action	Extends knee; inferior fibers stabalize patella
Rectus Femoris- origin	anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
Rectus femoris- insertion	Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Rectus femoris- action	Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
Gluteus maximus- origin	Dorsal ilium, sacrum and coccyx.
Gluteus maximus- insertion	Gluteal tuberosity of femur; iliotibial tract
Gluteus medius- origin	between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium
Gluteus medius- insertion	by short tendon into the lateral aspect of greater trochanter on femur
Gluteus mmedius- action	abducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis by holding or tilts the pelvis of the planted side in abduction so that the swinging foot may clear the ground.
Tensor Fasciae Latae- origin	Iliac crest, anterior superior spine, deep surface of fascia lata
Tensor Fasciae Latae- insertion	lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibal band
Tensor Fasciae Latae- action	Extends knee, laterally rotates tibia, aids in abduction and medial rotation of femur; during standing it steadies the pelvis on femoral head and the femoral condyles on tibia
Satorius- origin	on and near anterior superior iliac spine of illium
Satorius- insertion	Medial surface of proximal end of tibia
Satorius- action	aids in knee(weakly) and hip flexion, as in sitting or climbing; abducts and laterally rotates thigh
Gracilis- origin	Body and inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium
Gracilis- insertion	Medial surface of tiba just below condyle
Gracilis- action	Flexes and medially rotates tibia at knee
Biceps Femoris- origin	Long head: Ischial tuberosity. Short head: Linea aspera and distal femur.
Biceps Femoris- insertion	common tendon passes downward and laterally inserting into the head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Biceps Femoris- action	Flexes knee; extends hip; elevates trunk from stooping posture; laterally rotates tibia on femur when knee is flexed; laterally rotates femur when hip is extended; counteracts forward bending at hips.
Semitendinosus- origin	ishial tuberosity in common with long head of biceps femoris
Semitendinosus- insertion	medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
Semitendinosus- action	Extends thigh at hip; flexes knee; with semimembranosus, medially rotates leg.
Semimembranosus- origin	ischial tuberosity
Semimembranosus- insertion	Medial condyle of tiba; via oblique popliteal ligament to lateral condyle of femur
Semimembranosus- action	extends thigh and flexes knee; medially rotates leg.
Peronus longus- origin	head and lateral surface of proximal two thirds of fibula
Peronus longus- insertion	Medial cuneiform, metatarsal I.
Peronus longus- action	Maintains concavity of sole during toe off and tiptoeing; everts and plantar flexes foot.
Tibialis anterior- origin	lateral condyle and upper two thirds of tibal shaft; interosseous membrane
Tibialis anterior- insertion	by tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone
Tibialis anterior- action	Prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot; assists in supporting medial longitudinal arch of foot.
Soleus- origin	cone shaped origin from superior tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane
Soleus- insertion	Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.
Soleus- action	Plantar flexes foot; steadies leg on leg on ankle during standing.
Gastrocnemius- origin	by two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur
Gastrocnemius- insertion	Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Gastrocnemius- action	Plantar flexes foot when knee is extended; since it also crosses knee joint it can flex knee when foot it dorsiflexed
Trapezius- origin	Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines of c7-t5
Trapezius- insertion	a continuous insertion along acromion process and spine of scapula and lateral third of clavical.
Trapezius- action	Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula; extends and laterally flexes neck.
External intercostals- origin	Inferior border of rib of above
External intercostals- insertion	Superior border of the rib below
External intercostals- action	With first rib fixed by scalene M. it elevates the rib cage aiding in inspiration.
Internal intercostals- origin	superior border of the rib below
Internal intercostals- insertion	inferior border of the rib above.
Internal intercostals- action	With 12th rib fixed by quadratus lumborum and oblique muscle they depress the rib cage aiding in forced expiration.
Recuts abdominis- origin	pubic crest and symphysis
Rectus abdominis- insertion	xyphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Rectus abdominis- action	Flexes and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column. fixes and depresses ribs, stabilizes pelvis during walking.
Pectoralis Major- origin	Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
Pectoralis Major- insertion	Fibers converge to insert by short tendon into intertubercular groove of humerus.
Pectoralis Major- action	Prime mover of arm flexion; rotates arm medially; adducts arm against resistance; with scapula fixed pulls ribcage upward helping in climbing throwing and forced inspiration.
Diaphragm- origin	inferior, internal surface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilage of last 6 ribs and lumbar vertebrae.
Diaphragm- insertion	Central tendon
Diaphragm- action	Prime mover of inspiration; flattens on contraction.
Biceps brachii- origin	Short head: coracoid process; Long head: tubercle above lip of glenoid cavity;
Biceps Brachii- insertion	Radial tuberosity
Biceps Brachii- action	Flexes elbow joint and supinates forearm; these actions often happen at the same time. weak shoulder flexor.
Extensor digitorum longus- origin	Lateral condyle of tibia, shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane.
Extensor digitorum longus- insertion	Middle and distal phalanges 2-5
Extensor digitorum longus- action	Extends toes, dorsiflexes foot, tautens plantar aponeurosis
Flexor carpi radialis- origin	Medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor carpi radialis- insertion	Base of metacarpals 2-3
Flexor carpi radialis- action	Flexes wrist anteriorly; aids in radial flexion of wrist.
Flexor digitorum superficialis- origin	Medial epicondyle of humerus; ulnar collateral ligament; coronoid process; superior half of radius.
Flexor digitorum superficialis- insertion	middle phalanges 2-5
Flexor digitorum superficialis- action	Flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints depending on the action of other muscle.
Flexor carpi ulnaris- origin	Medial epicondyle of humerus; medial margin of olecranon; posterior surface of ulna.
Flexor carpi ulnaris- insertion	pisiform, hamate, and metacarpal 5.
Flexor carpi ulnaris- action	flexes wrist anteriorly; aid in ulnar flexion of wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris- origin	Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior surface of ulnar shaft.
Extensor carpi ulnaris- insertion	Base of metacarpal 5.
Extensor carpi radialis longus- origin	Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Extensor carpi radialis longus- insertion	Base of metacarpal 2
Extensor carpi radialis longus- action	extends the wrist; aids in radialis flexion of wrist.
Vastus intermedius- origin	Anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft
Vastus intermedius- insertion	Patella, tibial tuberosity, lateral and medial condyles of tiba.
Vastus intermedius- action	extends knee
Platysma- origin	fascia of chest of pectoral and deltoid muscles
Platysma- insertion	Lower margin of mandible, skin and muscle at corner of mouth.
Platysma- action	Helps depress mandible; pulls lower lip back and down producing a downward sag of the mouth; tenses skin during shaving.
Sternocleidomastoid- origin	manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavical.
Sternocleidomastoid- insertion	mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Sternocleidomastoid- action	prime mover of active head flexion; contraction of both muscles produce flexion of the neck; action along each muscle rotates head toward should on opposite side and tilts or laterally flexes head to its own side.
Frontalis- origin	Galea aponeurotica
Frontalis- insertion	skin of eyebrows and root of nose
Frontalis- action	with aponeurosis fixed, raises the eyebrows (surprise); wrinkles forehead skin horizontally
Orbicularis oris- origin	arises indirectly from the maxilla and mandible; fibers blended with muscles associated with the lips.
Orbicularis oris- insertion	encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth.
Orbicularis oris- action	closes lips; purses and protrudes lips; kissing and whistling muscle.
Buccinator- origin	Molar region of maxilla and mandible
Buccinator- insertion	Orbicularis oris
Buccinator- action	Draws mouth of corner laterally; compresses cheek; holds food between teeth.
Masseter- origin	Zygomatic arch and maxilla
Masseter- insertion	angle and ramus of mandible
Masseter- action	Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates mandible
Zygomaticus- origin	Zygomatic bone
Zygomaticus- insertion	skin and muscle at corner of mouth
Zygomaticus- action	raises lateral corner of mouth upward.(smiling muscle)
Orbicularis oculi- origin	frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around the orbits.
Orbicularis oculi- insertion	Tissue of eyelid
Orbicularis oculi- action	Protects the eyes from intense light and injury. produces the actions of blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly.
Temporalis- origin	Temporal fossa
Temporalis- insertion	coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to the zygomatic arch.
Temporalis- action	closes jaw; elevates mandible;maintains position of mandible at rest; assists pertyogoids in side to side movement.
Latissimus dorsi- origin	indirect attachment via lumbodorsal fascia into spines of t7-L5, lower 3-4th ribs and iliac crest.
Latissimus dorsi- insertion	spirals around teres major to insert in floor of intertubercular groove of humerus.
Serratus anterior- origin	by a series of muscle slips from ribs 1-8
Serratus anterior- insertion	entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
Serratus anterior- action	prime mover to protract and hold scapula against chest wall also important in abduction and raising arm in horizontal movements.(boxers muscle)
External oblique- origin	ribs 5-12
external abdominal oblique- insertion	anterior half of iliac crest, pubic symphysis and superior margin of pubis
external oblique- action	individually acting they aid muscle of the back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion when pair contract they aid the rectus abdominis in vertebral column flexion;
Deltoid- origin	embraces insertion of trapezius; lateral third of clavical; acromion and spine of scapula
Deltoid- insertion	deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid- action	Prime mover of arm abduction; (acting as antagonists of Pectoralis major and Latissimus dorsi;) can act powerfully in flexion and medial rotation of humerus(in synergy with Pectoralis major)

Created by: 1846159146

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