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GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
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ACCESSORY ORGANS
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DIGESTIVE SYS
DIGESTIVE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | MOUTH, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, S. INTESTINE, L. INTESTINE, RECTUM, ANAL CANAL, ANUS. |
| ACCESSORY ORGANS | TEETH, TONGUE, SALIVARY GLANDS, LIVER, GALL BLADDER, PANCREASE |
| 4 LAYERS OF GI TRACT WALL | MUCOSA SUBMUCOSA MUSCULARIS SEROSA |
| MUCOSA LAYER | INNER MUCOUS MEMBRANE W/ SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITH & LAMINA PROPRIA |
| MUCOSA LAYER CHARACTERIZE BY | FOLDS, GLANDS, PROJECTIONS |
| MUSCULARIS MOCUSA IN MUCOSA LAYER | THIN MUSCLE BAND CONTROLLING LOCAL MUCOSA MOV'TS & RESPONSES |
| SUBMUCOSA LAYER | BINDS MUCOSA TO MUSCULARIS |
| SUBMUCOSA IS CHARACTERIZED BY | BLOOD, LYMPHATIC VESSLES WHICH ABSORBS NUTRIENTS FROM DIGESTIVE TRACT |
| WHAT STIMULATES SUBMUCOSAL GLANDS AND MUSCULAIS MUCOSA | SUBMUCOSAL NERVE PLEXUS |
| MUSCULARIS | THICKEST LAYER * 2 SMOOTH MUSCLE LAYERS * 3 LAYERS IN STOMACH |
| MUSCULE LAYERS | 1) INNER CIRCULAR LAYER 2) LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE LAYER |
| CIRCULAR LAYER | *DECREASE DIAMETER *FORMS SPHINCTER VALVES |
| WHAT CAUSES PROPULSION, MIXING AND PREVENT BACK FLOW | SPHINCTER VALVES |
| DECREASES LENGTH IN TRACT WALLS | LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE LAYER |
| WHAT NERVE PLEXUS STIMULATE MUSCLE LAYER | MYENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS |
| MYENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS RESPOND TO | STRETCH, ANS |
| SEROSA | OUTER LAYER VISERAL PERITONEUM - SECRETES SEROUS FLUID |
| VAGUS NERVE SERVES WHICH LAYER IN THE TRACT WALL | SEROSA |
| THE SEROSA IS MOSTLY UNDER WHAT DIVISION OF ANS | PARASYMPATHETIC |
| FUNCTION OF ORAL CAVITY | ANALYZE FOOD, MOISTEN FOOD, FORM BOLUS, INITIATES ENZYMES FOR DIGESTION |
| ORAL CAVITY MADE UP OF | HARD PALATE , SOFT PALATE, UVULA ( POSTERIOR TO SOFT PALATE), TONGUE,SALIVARY GLANDS,TEETH |
| HARD AND SOFT PALATE CONTAIN WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE | STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM |
| UVULA | BLOCKS NASOPHARYNX WHEN SWOLLOWING IS THE SWALLOWING CONTROL MECHANISM AND PREVENTS FOOD FROM GOING INTO THE NASAL CAVITY |
| TONGUE | INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC SKELETAL MUSCLES |
| SALIVARY GLANDS | PRODUCE SALIVA, WATER, AMALAYSE, ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS, MUCUS |
| THE SALIVARY GLAND IS COMPRISE OF 3 GLANDS, NAME THEM | 1) PAROTID GLANDS 2) SUBLINGUAL GLANDS 3) SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS |
| WHERE IS THE PAROTID GLAND FOUND | OVER MASSETER MUSCLE |
| GLANDS FOUND UNER TONGUE | SUBLINGUAL GLANDS |
| GLANDS FOUND UNDER BOTH SUBLINGUAL AND MANDIBULE | SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS |
| TEETH | *32 TEETH * 2 INCISORS, 1 CANINE, 2 PREMOLARS, 3 MOLARS -- ON ONE SIDE |
| WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE BONE LIKE MATERIAL COMPOSING MOST OF TEETH | DENTIN |
| ABOVE GUM LINE AND IS COVERED BY ENAMEL | CROWN |
| HARDEST SUBSTANCE IN BODY AND | ENAMEL |
| ROOT | BELOW GUM LINE, ARE PROJECTIONS THAT ANCHOR TEETH IN JAW BONE |
| ANOTHER NAME FOR GUM | GINGIVAE |
| WHAT COVERS SURFACE BTW TEETH | GUM OR GINGIVAE |
| PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS | *LINES AVEOLAR SOCKETS *ANCHOR TEETH *ABSORB SHOCK |
| FUNCTION OF CEMENTUM | SECURES TOOTH TO PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT |
| WHAT CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES IN TEETH | CENTRAL (PULP) CAVITY |
| PHARYNX - THROAT | NASOPHARYNX, OROPHARYNX & LARYNGOPHARYNX |
| ESOPHAGUS | PROPELS FOOD INTO STOMACH |
| LOCATION OF ESOPHAGUS | MEDIASTINUM OF THORACIC CAVITY |
| TRANSTITION OF EPITHELIUM LAYER FROM MOUTH THRU ANUS | MOUTH, PHARYNX - STRATIFIED SQUAMOSE EPITHELUM OPENING OF STOMACH - SIMPLE COLUMNAR ANUS - STRATIFIED COLUMNAR |
| DEGLUTINATION | BEGIN WITH SWALLOWING IN ESOPHAGUS INVOLVES VOLUNTARY AND IN VOLUNTARY MUSCLES |
| ANOTHER NAME FOR ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER | CARDIAC SPHINCTER |
| WHERE IS THE ESOPHOAGEAL (CARDIAC) SPHINCTER FOUND | AT OPENING OF STOMACH |
| WHEN DOES CARDIAC SPHINCTERS OPENS? | ONLY WHEN FOOD NEEDS TO COME THRU |
| 2 WAYS ESOPHAGUS WALL DIFFER FROM LOWER DIGESTIVE WALL STURCTURE | 1) CONTAINS STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NOT SIMPLE COLUMNAR 2) AVENTITIA ON OUTER LAYER NOT VISERAL PERITONEUM (SEROSA) |
| 6 FUNCTIONS OF DIGISTIVE SYSTEM | 1) INGESTION 2) PROPULSION 3) MECHANICAL DIGESTION 4) CHEMICAL DIGESTION (ENZYMES) 5) ABSORTION 6) DEFECATION |
| WHAT DOES PROPULSION INVOLVES | INVOLVES SWOLLOWING (DEGLUTINATION), PERISTALIS |
| WHAT IS PERISTALIS | WAVE LIKE CONTRACTION THAT STARTS WHEN A BOLUS OF FOOD IS SWOLLOWED AND MOVES THU THE DG TRACT. BOLUS MOVES ---> ESOPHAGUS ---> STOMACH (TURNS INTO LIQUID CALLED CHYME)--->CON'T IN INTESTINE ->S.I ---> L.I (WATER IS ABSORB HERE INTO BLOOD STREAM-> ANUS |
| WHAT OCCURS IN MECHANICAL DIGESTION | 1)CHEWING - MASTICATION 2)CHURNING - STOMACH 3) SEGMENTATION- LOCALIZE MIXING |
| HOW DOES ABSORPTION OCCUR IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT | LUMEN THRU EPITH. AND INTO BLOOD 3 MEMBRANE |
| WHAT IS CHEMICAL DIGESTION | ENZYMES ARE SECRETED TO BREAKDOWN MICORMOLECULES INTO MICROMOLECULES, THEN ABSORB ACCROSS TRACT WALLS... |
| DEFECATION | RIDDING ANYTHING THAT CANNOT BE ABSORB |
| FUNTION OF RECTUM | STORES FECES |
| WHAT OPENS THROUGH OUTSIDE THROUGH ANAL CANAL AND ANUS | RECTUM |
| INTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER | INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE IN ANUS |
| EXTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER | VOLUNTARY |
| ANAL SPHINCTER - EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL | CONTROL MOV'T |
| EPITH. TISSUE CONTAINED ANAL CANAL | STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS |
| MASS PERISTALIC MOV'T | WAVES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION MOVING FECES TO RECTUM |
| GASTRIC GLANDS CONTAIN | 1) CHIEF CELLS 2) PARIETAL CELLS 3) MUCOUS CELLS 4) G CELLS OR ENTEROENDOCTRINE CELLS 5) HORMONE |
| CHEIF CELLS | SECRETE PEPSINOGEN (INACTIVE) |
| PARIETAL CELLS | HCL AND INTRINSIC FAC |
| HORMONE | SECRETES GASTRIN IN STOMACH |
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d1975f
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