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Speech Anatomy
Physiology of Articulation
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Airstream directions | ingressive (in) vs. eggresive (out) |
Airstream mechanisms | pulmonic, esophageal, glottal and velar |
Eggresive pulmonic: | normal talking |
Ingressive pulmonic: | talking while bringing air in (vocal folds STILL vibrate) |
Eggresive esophageal: | burping speech |
Eggresive glottalic: | air escapes when closed glottis is raised- used in ejectives of African and Native American languages |
Ingressive glottalic: | air pushed in when closed glottis is lowered- these stops are called implosives and are used in India and Pakistan |
Eggresive velaric: | tongue is raised and air escapes- Donald Duck speech |
Ingressive velaric: | tongue moves and as air flows inward it creates the "clicking" sound used in many African languages |
Four primary stages of swallowing: | oral preparatory, oral, pharyngeal and esophageal |
What happens in the oral preparatory stage of swallowing? | chewing of food, forming a bolus, raising the tongue posteriorly |
What happens in the oral stage of swallowing? | tongue drops down and pulls back to move the bolus toward the faucial pillars |
What happens in the pharyngeal stage of swallowing? | 1)soft palate elevates and closes the nasopharynx 2)respiration ceases 3)vocal folds close 4)false vocal folds adduct 5)epiglottis folds down |
What happens in the esophageal stage of swallowing? | esophageal sphincter opens (involuntary) |