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Spinal Cord_Chp 13A
Chp 13 Test Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves. | 31 |
| The deep groove on the ventral surface that extends the length of the spinal cord is the | anterior median fissure. |
| Which spinal nerves comprise the cauda equina? | lumbar, sacral and coccygeal |
| What two grooves extend the length of the spinal cord and partially divide it into right and left halves? | anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus |
| The fibrous strand or terminal filum that anchors the inferior end of the spinal cord to the coccyx is a continuation of the | pia mater. |
| Space superficial to the meninges in the spinal cord area in which an anesthetic is injected to block pain impulses from the pelvic area. | epidural space |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the four regions into which the spinal cord is divided? | coccygeal |
| the spinal cord is divided into four regions | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments |
| The spinal cord is contiguous superiorally with the | medulla oblongata |
| The nerves that supply the upper limbs enter or exit from this area of the spinal cord. | cervical enlargement |
| The nerves that supply the lower limbs enter or exit from this area of the spinal cord. | lumbar enlargement |
| Which of the following statements about the spinal cord is NOT correct? | It extends to the level of lumbar vertebra three in an adult. |
| The inferior end of the spinal cord is anchored to the coccyx by the | filum terminale. |
| The white matter in each half of the spinal cord is organized into three columns. | ventral column, lateral column, dorsal column |
| The gray matter on either side of the spinal cord is subdivided into anterior, lateral and posterior | horns. |
| The lateral horns of the gray matter in the thoracic region of the spinal cord contain the cell bodies of | gray commissure. |
| Which of the following terms is synonymous with columns as in columns of white matter in the spinal cord? | funiculi |
| Each column in the white matter of the spinal cord consists of one or more | tracts. |
| Ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord occur in the | roots. |
| Ascending and descending tracts of the white matter are | columns |
| The knee-jerk reflex involves which of the following? | sensory and motor neurons |
| The "knee-jerk" reflex: | is a stretch reflex, in which muscles contract in response to a stretching force applied to them. The stretch reflex is unique in that there is no interneuron between the sensory and motor neurons. |
| It is a spinal reflex; It is a somatic reflex; It helps to maintain an upright posture. | Knee-jerk |
| Which of the following reflexes inhibits skeletal muscle contraction? | Golgi tendon reflex |
| The Golgi tendon reflex | prevents contracting muscles from applying excessive tension to tendons, protecting muscles and tendons from damage caused by excessive tension. |
| John injured the quadriceps muscles in his legs due to increased tension and tearing while horsing around on the football field. What reflex failed to protect the muscles? | Golgi tendon reflex |
| Inhibitory interneurons are involved in which of the following spinal reflexes? | stretch reflex |
| What Golgi tendon organs pass through the dorsal root to the spinal cord and enter the posterior gray matter, where they branch and synapse with inhibitory interneurons? | sensory neurons |
| Excitatory interneurons are involved in which of the following spinal reflexes? | withdrawal reflex |
| What are conducted by sensory neurons through the dorsal root to the spinal cord, where they synapse with excitatory interneurons? | Action potentials from painful stimuli |
| You are walking bare foot and step on a tack with your right foot; This will happen | flexor muscles in your right thigh and leg contract to remove your foot; reciprocal innervation inhibits extensor muscles in the same limb; collaterals of interneurons stimulate a crossed extensor reflex |
| The reflex arc contains a | sensory reception, sensory neuron, motor neuron |
| Which of the following combinations indicates the correct distribution of spinal nerve pairs? | 8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal |
| A man was in an accident and severed his spinal cord between C6 and C7. What would occur? | loss of sensation in the trunk below the shoulders, the lowers limbs and portions of the arms; loss of movement in the lower limbs; damage to the intercostal nerves which would affect breathing because the intercostal muscles would be paralyzed |
| The anterior branch or ramus of a spinal nerve supplies | muscles and skin on the front and sides of the trunk and limbs |
| Where are fibers of adjacent spinal nerves sorted and recombined so that fibers specific to a body part reach that body part in the same nerve? | plexus |
| "plexus" means? | The term plexus means "braid" and describes the organization produced by the intermingling of the nerves. |
| The brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following? | muscles of the arm and forearm |
| The brachial plexus contains the axillary nerve | which innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles as well as the skin of the shoulder region; |
| the radial nerve | innervates the posterior arm |
| the musculocutaneous nerve | innervates the anterior arm |
| the ulnar nerve | innervates forearm muscles |
| the median nerve | innervates hand muscles and most arm flexor muscles. |
| The sciatic nerves arise from which of these plexuses? | cervical |
| Which of the following combinations of spinal nerves supply the brachial plexuses? | C5-T1 |
| What are the following peripheral nerves associated with the brachial plexuses? | axillary nerves, radial nerves, ulnar nerves |
| Which of the following nerves arising from the lumbosacral plexuses are the largest and longest peripheral nerves in the body? | sciatic nerves |
| the following plexuses pairs with a peripheral nerve originating from it? | brachial - radial nerve; cervical - phrenic nerve; lumbar - femoral nerve |
| The ventral branches or rami of spinal nerves form nerve plexuses in the following spinal cord areas? | cervical, lumbar, and sacral |
| After severely breaking his left humerus in an accident, a man lost sensation on the posterior aspect of the limb and was unable to extend his forearm, wrist, or fingers. What nerve was damaged? | radial |
| After severely injuring her hip in an accident, a woman was unable to extend her right leg. What nerve was damaged? | femoral |
| The ventral rami of adjacent spinal nerves intermingle with each other to form a | plexus |
| Which of the following nerves arises from the brachial plexus and innervates all of the extensor muscles of the upper limb? | radial nerve |
| Compression of what nerve arising from the brachial plexus results in numbness, tingling, and pain in the fingers, a condition called carpal tunnel syndrome. | median nerve |
| Which of the nerves arising from the lumbosacral plexus is the largest peripheral nerve in the body? | ischiadic nerve |
| Nerve fibers in the phrenic nerves that innervate the diaphragm arise primarily from what plexuses? | cervical |
| Which pair of spinal nerves does NOT supply any skin area? | C1 |
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sweetlatrece
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