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Brachial Plexus
Brachial Plexus: Muscle Action & Nerve Supply
| Muscle (proximal to distal) | Nerve, Cord, Trunk | Root Level | Activation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhomboid Major/Minor (1-2/2) | Dorsalscapular N. | C5 | Retracts scapula. Rotates scapula to rest position |
| Supraspinatus (1/2) | Suprascapular N., U trunk | C5-6 | Initiation of abduction of the arm |
| Infraspinatus (2/2) | Suprascapular N., U trunk | C5-6 | Externally rotates humerus and stabilizes shoulder joint. |
| Pectoralis Major | Lateral Pectoral N, lateral cord, U trunk/// Medial pectoral N, lateral & medial cords, M & L trunks | Lateral Cord C5 C6 (Clavicular) Medial Cord C7 C8 T1 (Sternocostal) | Clavicular head:flexes and adducts arm. Sternal head: adducts and medially rotates arm . Accessory for inspiration. Minor: Elevates ribs if scapula fixed, protracts scapula (assists serratus anterior) |
| Pectoralis Minor (Pectoralis Major) | Medial Pectoral N, medial cord, L trunks. | C8 T1 | Elevates ribs if scapula fixed, protracts scapula (assists serratus anterior)Major: Clavicular head:flexes and adducts arm. Sternal head: adducts and medially rotates arm . Accessory for inspiration. |
| Biceps Brachii (2/3) | Musculocutaneous N, lateral cord, U trunk | C5 C6 | Supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulder |
| Coracobrachialis (1/3) | Musculocutaneous N, Lateral cord, U M trunks | C5 C6 C7 | Flexion of the humerus. |
| Brachialis (3/3) | Musculocutaneous N, lateral cord, U trunk | C5 C6 (May receive small C7-radial N) | Flexes elbow (primary) |
| Serratus Anterior (1/1) | Long Thoracic N | C5 C6 C7 | Forward flexion of the arm and pushing against resistance |
| Subscapularis | Upper & Lower Subscapular N | C5 C6 | Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Thoracodorsal N, posterior cord, U M L trunks | C6 C7 C8 | Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm. Costal attachment helps with deep inspiration and forced expiration |
| Teres Major (Subscapularis) | Lower Subscapular N, posterior cord, U trunk | C5 C6 | Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder joint |
| Deltoid | Axillary N., posterior cord, upper trunk | C5 C6 | Abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate |
| Teres Minor | Axillary N, posterior cord, upper trunk. | C5 C6 | laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint |
| Levator Scapulae | Dorsalscapular N | C3 C4 C5 | Neck Fixed: Raises medial border of scapula. Shoulder fixed: tilts head posteriolateral. |
| Triceps - Medial Head (1/14) | Radial N, posterior cord, U M L trunks | C6 C7 C8 | Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint |
| Triceps - Long Head (2/14) | Radial N, posterior cord, U M L trunks | C6 C7 C8 | Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint |
| Triceps - Lateral Head 3/14 | Radial N, posterior cord, U M L trunks | C6 C7 C8 | Extension of the forearm at the elbow |
| Brachioradialis 4/14 | Radial N, posterior cord, U trunk | C5 C6 | Flexion of the forearm in the neutral position |
| Ext. Carpi Radialis Longus/Brevis (5-6/14) | Radial N, posterior cord, U & M trunks | C5 C6 C7 | Extension & radial deviation of the wrist |
| Supinator 7/14 | Posterior interosseous nerve / Radial N / Posterior cord / upper trunk. | C5 C6 | Supination of the forearm |
| Ext. carpi ulnaris 8/14 | Posterior interosseous nerve, Radial N, posterior cord, middle & lower trunk. | C7 C8 | Wrist extension with ulnar deviation |
| Ext. digitorum 9/14 | Posterior interosseous nerve, Radial N, posterior cord, middle & lower trunks. | C7 C8 | Extension of the (proximal) phalanges in digits 2-5 |
| Ext. digiti minimi 10/14 | Posterior interosseous nerve, Radial N, posterior cord, middle & lower trunks. | C7 C8 | Extension of the (proximal) phalanges in digits 2-5 |
| Abductor pollicus longus 11/14 | Posterior interosseous nerve, Radial N, posterior cord, middle and lower trunks. | C7 C8 | Radial abduction and extension of the thumb |
| Ext. pollicus longus 12/14 | Posterior interosseous nerve, Radial N, posterior cord, middle and lower trunks. | C7 C8 | Extension of the distal phalanx of the thumb |
| Ext. pollicus brevis 13/14 | Posterior interosseous nerve, Radial N, posterior cord, middle and lower trunks. | C7 C8 | Extension of the proximal phalanx of the thumb |
| Ext. indices 14/14 | Posterior interosseous nerve, Radial N, posterior cord, middle and lower trunks. | C7 C8 | Extension of the index finger. |
| Pronator Teres (1/11) | Median N, lateral cord, upper and middle trunks | C6 C7 | Pronation of the forearm |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis (2/11) | Median N, lateral cord, upper & middle trunks | C6 C7 | Flexion of the hand at the wrist with radial deviation |
| Palmaris Longus (3/11) | Median N, lateral & medial cords, middle & lower trunks | C7 C8 T1 | Cupping of the palm of the hand |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (4/11) | Median N, lateral & medial cords, middle & lower trunks | C7 C8 T1 | Flexion of the prox. interphalangeal joint, with the proximal phalanx fixed and the distal IPJ in hyperextension |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus (5/11) | Digits 2 &3-Anterior interosseous branch, Median N, Digits 4 & 5, Ulnar nerve, medial cord | C7 C8 / C8 T1 | Flexion of the distal phalanges 2-5 |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus (6/11) | Anterior interosseous branch, Median N, lat & med cords, middle & lower trunks | C7 C8 T1 | Flexion of the distal phalanx of the thumb |
| Pronator Quadratus (7/11) | Anterior interosseous branch, Median N, lat & med cords, middle & lower trunks | C7 C8 T1 | Pronation of the forearm |
| 1st & 2nd Lumbricals (8/11) | Median N, medial cord, lower trunk | C8 T1 | Extention of the finger at the proximal interphalangeal joint with the metacarpophalangeal joint extended and fixed |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis (9/11) | Superficial head: Median N, Deep head: Ulnar N, medial cord, lower trunk | C8 T1 | Flexing of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb |
| Opponens Pollicis (10/11) | Median nerve, medial cord, lower trunk | C8 T1 | Opposition of the thumb to the little finger |
| Abductor Pollicis Brevis (11/11) | Median nerve, medial cord, lower trunk | C8 T1 | Abduction of the thumb |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (1/11) | Ulnar N, medial cord, L trunk | C8 T1 | Flexion at the wrist with ulnar deviation |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus digits 4-5 (2/11) | Ulnar nerve, medial cord, L trunk | C8 T1 | Flexion of the distal phalanges of digit 4 & 5 |
| flexor Digiti Minimi (3/11) | Ulnar N, medial cord, L trunk | C8 T1 | Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the 5 digit |
| Opponens Digiti Minimi (4/11) | Ulnar N, medial cord, L trunk | C8 T1 | Opposition of the little finger to the thumb |
| Abductor Digiti Minimi (5/11) | Ulnar N, medial cord, L trunk | C8 T1 | Abduction of the little finger |
| 3th & 4th Lumbricals (6/11) | Ulnar nerve, medial cord, L trunk | C8 T1 | Extension of the finger at the proximal interphalangeal joint with the metacarpophalangeal joint extended and fixed |
| Palmar Interossei (7/11) | Ulnar N, medial cord, L trunk | C8 T1 | Adduct the fingers towards the center of the 3rd finger. |
| 2nd, 3rd, 4th Dorsal Interossei (8/11) | Ulnar N, medial cord, L trunk | C8 T1 | 2nd: Abduction of the third digit (radial deviation). 3rd & 4th: Adduction of the 3rd & 4th digit (ulnar deviation) |
| First dorsal Interosseous (9/11) | Ulnar N, medial cord, L trunk | C8 T1 | Abduction (radial deviation) of the index finger |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis (10/11) | Superficial head: median nerve. Deep head: Ulnar N. | C8 T1 | Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb |
| Adductor Pollicus (11/11) | Ulnar nerve, medial cord, L trunk | C8 T1 | Adduction of the thumb |
Created by:
aloha125
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