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Ch.20/MED 127
The Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is cell division that results in gametes? | Meiosis |
| Gametes are the males? | Sperm |
| Gametes are the females? | Egg/ovum |
| Sperm and egg (each haploid) join to become a? Hint: fertilized egg with 46 chromosomes | Zygote |
| A diploid cell contains how many chromosomes? | 46 |
| A diploid cell divides how many times to end up with 4 haploid cells? | Twice |
| The male reproductive system consists of? | Testes and a series of ducts and glands |
| Sperm are produced in the | Testes |
| What is the production of sperm called | Spermatogenesis |
| Sperm is produced in the testes and transported through the? | Epididymis, Ductus Deferens, Ejaculatory duct, and Urethra |
| Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands are part of the_____________glands? | Reproductive |
| Reproductive glands produce secretions that mix with sperm to become? | Semen |
| Semen is ejaculated from the? | Urethra |
| Testes are paired organs in the sac called the? | Scrotum |
| Testes develop near the? | Kidneys |
| Undescended testes are called? | Cryptorchidism |
| Testes are divided into? | Lobes |
| Sperm is produced in the? | Seminiferous tubules |
| Sperm empties into ________(tubes) that connect to the ____________? | Rete testes, epididymis |
| Sustentacular/Sertoli cells- stimulated by testosterone to produce what type of hormone? | Inhibin |
| What type of cells are between the loops of seminiferous tubules? | Interstitial |
| Testosterone is stimulated by what type of hormone to mature sperm? | Lh (Luteinizing hormone) |
| How long is the epididymis? | 20 feet |
| The epididymis is connected to the seminiferous tubules by the? | Rete testes |
| The epididymis is _________(location) of each testis? | Posterior |
| Maturation of sperm (testosterone) occurs here? | Epididymis |
| Smooth muscle move sperm into? | Ductus deferens |
| The ductus deferens is also known as the | Vas deferens |
| What is the opening in the inguinal area for the spermatic cord? | Inguinal canal |
| The inguinal canal is a common place for what? | Hernias |
| The epididymis is made of __________ muscle? | Smooth |
| What is a connective tissue sheath? | Spermatic cord |
| The spermatic cord contains blood vessels, nerves, and? | Ductus deferens |
| What is paired organs posterior to bladder? | Seminole vesicle |
| Seminole vesicle secretes? | Fructose, alkaline liquid |
| The alkaline liquid neutralizes acidity of? | Vagina |
| What are the paired ducts that receive contents of seminal vesicles and ductus deferens? | Ejaculatory ducts |
| What gland is a muscular gland inferior to the bladder? | Prostate gland |
| Bulbourethral glands are also known as? | Cowper's glands |
| What glands are pea-sized glands? | Bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands |
| The bulbourethral glands are inferior to? | Prostatic urethra |
| The bulbourethral glands secrete what liquid to neutralize acid from urine in the urethra? | Alkaline |
| The penis contains the? | Urethra |
| The glans penis is the? | Head |
| The glans penis is covered with? | Foreskin |
| Foreskin is also known as? | Prepuce |
| What is the surgical removal of foreskin? | Circumcision |
| Spermatogenesis occurs in the? | Seminiferous tubules |
| What 3 cavities of cavernous tissue are there? | Corpus cavernosum (2) and Corpus sponglosum (1) |
| What temperature is optimal for spermatogenesis? | 96 degrees |
| Seminiferous tubules contain sperm cells called? | Spermatogenia |
| Spermatogonia undergo mitosis to result in how many diploid cells? | 2 |
| What is FSH? | Follicle stimulating hormone |
| What gland is a muscular gland inferior to the bladder? | Prostate gland |
| Bulbourethral glands are also known as? | Cowper's glands |
| What glands are pea-sized glands? | Bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands |
| The bulbourethral glands are inferior to? | Prostatic urethra |
| The bulbourethral glands secrete what liquid to neutralize acid from urine in the urethra? | Alkaline |
| The penis contains the? | Urethra |
| The glans penis is the? | Head |
| The glans penis is covered with? | Foreskin |
| Foreskin is also known as? | Prepuce |
| What is the surgical removal of foreskin? | Circumcision |
| Spermatogenesis occurs in the? | Seminiferous tubules |
| What 3 cavities of cavernous tissue are there? | Corpus cavernosum (2) and Corpus sponglosum (1) |
| What temperature is optimal for spermatogenesis? | 96 degrees |
| Seminiferous tubules contain sperm cells called? | Spermatogenia |
| Spermatogonia undergo mitosis to result in how many diploid cells? | 2 |
| What is FSH? | Follicle stimulating hormone |
| What hormone stimulates sperm production | FSH |
| What hormone stimulates testosterone production in the testes? | Lh |
| What hormone inhibits FSH | Inhibin |
| Spermatogenesis begins at what age? | Puberty (10-14 years old) |
| Millions of sperm are produced each? | Day |
| Sperm contains how many chromosomes? | 23 |
| What is similar to a lysosome located on the head? | Acrosome |
| What digests cell membrane of the egg? | Acrosome |
| What provides motility of sperm? | Flagellum |
| Flagellum is powered by? | ATP |
| Semen contains sperm and secretions from the? | Seminal vesicles, prostate glad, and bulbourethral glands |
| What is the pH of semen | 7.4 |
| How many mL are there per ejaculation? | 2-4mL |
| How many sperm are there per mL of semen? | 100 million |
| The female reproductive system includes? | Paired ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia |
| What are paired oval-shaped organs on each side of the uterus? | Ovaries |
| What are the 3 stages/types of follicles? | Primary, graafian, atretic |
| Primary follicles are cavities that each contain an? | oocyte (immature ovum/egg) |
| What type of cells surround each oocyte? | Follicle cells |
| Follicle cells secrete? | Estrogen |
| What follicle is the mature primary follicle? | Graafian |
| Primary follicles mature as a result of what type of hormone? | FSH and estrogen |
| Graafian follicle ruptures as a result of what type of hormone? | LH |
| Corpus luteum secretes? | Progesterone, estrogen, inhibin, and relaxin |
| What are developing follicles that become useless and deteriorate after ovulation of the graafian follicle? | Atretic Follicles |
| What ligament attaches from medial end of the ovary to uterus? | Ovarian ligament |
| What ligament is a fold of peritoneum that covers the ovaries and attaches to the uterus? | Broad ligament |
| What is the process of egg cell formation? | Oogenesis |
| Oogenesis takes place in the? | Ovaries |
| What hormone initiates growth of an ovarian follicle? | FSH |
| Each follicle contains what kind of cell? | Stem |
| Estrogen is a production stimulated by what hormone? | FSH |
| Meiosis results in 3 ________ and 1 ______? | Polar bodies, ovum |
| At what age does ova production begin? | Puberty (10-14 years old) |
| Ova production begins at puberty and ends at what age? | Menopause (45-55 years old) |
| Cyclical occurs approximately every ____ days? | 28 |
| What hormone causes ovulation? | Lh |
| Ovulation is? | Release of ovum |
| Fallopian tubes are also known as? | Uterine tubes or oviducts |
| What tube is 4 inches long going from the ovary to the superior uterus? | Fallopian tubes |
| What are finger-like projections superior to the ovary? | Fimbriae |
| Fimbriae move to create a current to catch the ovum and pull it into the? | Fallopian tubes |
| Smooth muscle creates? | Peristalsis |
| What type of epithelium beat to move the egg or zygote if fertilized to the uterus? | Ciliated |
| Fertilization occurs in the? | Fallopian tubes |
| Zygote secretes? | Mucus |
| What is implantation outside the uterus called? | Ectopic pregnancy |
| What organ is pear-shaped posterosuperior to the bladder? | Uterus |
| Uterus is located in what cavity? | Pelvic |
| The uterus contains what during pregnancy? | Placenta |
| What is the superior part where fallopian tubes enter? | Fundus |
| What is the main central part of the uterus called? | Body |
| What is the neck that opens in the vagina called? | Cervix |
| What is the outer layer of the uterus called? | Epimetrium (serosa) |
| What is a fold of visceral peritoneum? | Epimetrium (serosa) |
| The is the middle layer of the uterus called? | Myometrium |
| Myometrium is made up of _________muscle? | Smooth |
| What is the innermost layer of the uterus? | Endometrium |
| Endometrium contains how many layers? | 2 |
| What are the two layers called in the endometrium | Basilar and functional |
| What layer of the endometrium is adjacent to myometrium? | Basilar |
| What layer of the endometrium is highly vascular? | Basilar |
| What layer of the endometrium is an area for mitosis? | Basilar |
| What layer is the innermost layer of the endometrium? | Functional |
| Which layer is regenerated and lost during each menstrual cycle if pregnancy does not occur? | Functional |
| Which layer of the endometrium vascularizes and thickens from estrogen and progesterone? | Functional |
| The functional layer vascularizes and thickens from estrogen and progesterone in preparation for? | Pregnancy |
| What is a mascular tube from cervix to vaginal orifice? | Vagina |
| The vagina is posterior to? | Urethra |
| What is the pelvic floor of the vagina called? | Perineum |
| The vagina is anterior to? | Rectum and anus |
| The vagina is covered by a thin membrane called the? | Hymen |
| Vagina is made of what type of epithelium? | Stratified squamous |
| Normal flora produce acidic or alkaline pH to help inhibit pathogens? | Acidic |
| The external genitalia is also known as the? | Vulva |
| What is a small mass of erectile tissue? | Clitoris |
| The clitoris is anterior to the? | Urethra |
| What is the fat pad external to pubic symphysis covered in pubic hair? | Mons pubis |
| What are lateral folds of skin called? | Labia major |
| What are medial, smaller folds of skin surrounding the vestibule? | Labia minora |
| Bartholin's are also known as? | Vestibular glands |
| The Bartholin's (AKA Vestibular) glands are located near the? | orifice |
| Bartholin's secrete lubrication during? | Intercourse |
| Mammary glands are made of what type of glands? | Lactiferous |
| Lactiferous (alveolar) glands are modified _______ glands that produce ______? | Sweat, milk |
| Prolactin increases? | Milk production |
| Oxytocin causes? | Milk release |
| Oxytocin is stimulated by? | Sucking |
| The menstrual cycle is influenced by what hormones? | FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone |
| There are how many phases of the menstrual cycle | 3 |
| The first phase of the menstrual cycle is called the? | Menstrual phase |
| The menstrual phase is marked by loss of? | Functional endometrium layer |
| The second phase of the menstrual cycle is called the? | Follicular phase |
| The maturation of ovum occurs in what phase? | Follicular |
| The growth of ovarian follicles occurs in what phase? | Follicular |
| The third phase of the menstrual cycle is called the? | Luteal phase |
| Ruptured follicles becomes the? | Corpus luteum |
| The corpus luteum secretes what 2 hormones? | Progesterone and estrogen |
| Inhibin inhibits what 2 hormones? | FSH and LH |
| What hormone decreases uterine contraction to aid in implantation? | Relaxin |
| The menstrual cycle occurs every? | 28 days |
Created by:
laceylake
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