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Joints
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Fibrous | Articulating bones fastened together by thin layer of dense connective tissue |
Fibrous-Syndesmosis | Bones bound by interosseous ligament. Flexible and may be twisted. |
Fibrous-Suture | Flat bones united by sutural ligament. No movement. |
Fibrous- Gomphosis | Cone-shaped processs fastened in bony socket by peridontal ligament. No movement |
Cartilaginous | Articulating connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage |
Cartilaginuous-Synchondrosis | Bones united by bands of hyaline cartilage. Movement occurs during growth process until ossification occurs. |
Cartilaginuous-Symphysis | Articular surfaces separated by thin layers of hyaline cartilage attached to band of fibrocartilage. Limited movement, when bent or twisted. |
Synovial | Articulating bones surroumded by a joint capsule of ligaments and synovial membranes; ends of articulating bones covered by hyaline caetilage and separated by synovial fluid. |
Synovial- Ball-and-socket | Bal-shaped head of one bone articulates with cup-shaped socket of another. Movements in all planes;rotation. |
Synovial-Condyloid | Oval-shaped head condyle of one bone articulates with elliptical cavity of another. Variety of movements in different planes. No rotation or twisting. |
Synovial-Gliding | Articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved. Sliding or twisting movement. |
Synovial-Hindge | Convex surface of one bone articulates with concave surface of another. Flexion and extension movement. |
Synovial-Pivot | Cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and fibrous tissue. Rotation. |
Synovial-Saddle | Articulating surfaces have both concave and conves regions; sruface of one bone fits complementary surface of another. Variety of movements, mainly in two planes. |
Flexion | Bending parts at a joint |
Extension | Straightening parts at a joint |
Hyperextension | Excess extension of parts at a joint, beyond atomical position |
Dorsiflexion | bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin |
Plantar Flexion | Bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole |
Abuction | Moving a part away from the midline |
Adduction | Moving a part toward the midline |
Rotation | Moving a part round an axis |
Circumduction | Moving a part so that its end follows a circular path. |
Supination | Turning the hand so the palm is upward or facing anterirorly |
Pronation | Turning the hand so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly |
Eversion | Turning the foot so the sole faces laterally |
Inversion | Turning the foot so the sole faces medially |
Protraction | Moving a part toward |
Retraction | Moving a part backward |
Elevation | Raising a part |
Depression | Lowering a part |