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joints anatomy
anatomy description of joints and movements
Question | Answer |
---|---|
fibrous | articulating bones fastened together by thin layer of dense connective tissue containing many collagenous fibers |
syndesmosis | bones bound by interosseous ligament |
suture | flat bones united by sutural ligament |
gomphosis | cone shaped process fastened in bony socket by peridontal ligament |
cartilaginous | articulating bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage |
synchondrosis | bones united by bands of hyaline cartilage |
symphysis | articular surfaces separated by thin layers of hyaline cartilage attached to cands of fibrocartilage |
synovial | articulating bones surroundedby a joint capsule of ligaments and synovial membranes; ends of articulating bones covered by hyaline cartilage and separated by synovial fluid |
ball-and-socket | ball-shaped head of one bone articulates with cup-shaped socket of another |
condyloid | oval-shaped head of one bone articulated with elliptical cavity of another |
gliding | articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved |
hinge | convex surfaces of one bone articulates with concave surface of another |
pivot | cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and fibrous tissue |
saddle | articlualting surfaces have both concave and convex regions surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another |
flexion | bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together (bending lower limb at knee) |
extension | straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart (straightening lower limb at knee) |
hyperextension | excess extension of the parts a joint, beyond the anatomical position (bending the head back beyond the upright position) |
dorsiflexion | bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin (bending the foot upward) |
plantar flexion | bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole (bending the foot downward) |
abduction | moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horixontally to form a right angle with the side of the body) |
adduction | moving a part toward the midline (retunig the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body) |
rotation | moving a part around an axis (twisting the head from side to side) |
cicumduction | moving a part so that its end follows a circular path (moving the finger in a circular motion without moving hand) |
supination | turning the hand so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in anatomical position) |
pronation | turning the hand so the paml is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position) |
eversion | turning the foot so the sole faces laterally |
inversion | turning the foot so the sole faces medially |
protraction | moving a part forward (thrusting chin forward) |
retraction | moving a part backward (pulling chin backwards) |
elevation | raising a part (shrugging shoulders) |
depression | lowering a part (drooping shoulders) |