click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP II Saladin
Chapter 22 - The Respiratory System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
This cartilage, seen more prominently in men than women, is part of the structural framework of the larynx and is called the Adam's Apple | thyroid cartilage |
Breathing in as much air as possible (after normal tidal expiration) is termed | inspiratory capacity |
Tachypnea refers to | labored, gasping breathing |
All of the following will promote oxygen unloading by increasing the synthesis of BPG except: ( | calcium |
Expanding the chest wall and lowering the diaphragm will cause inspiration | True |
Opening and closing of the vestibular folds of the larynx occurs during speech | False |
The main direct stimulus to pulmonary ventilation is H+ in the cerebrospinal fluid, not the concentration of CO2 in the blood | True |
The lateral wall of the nasal fossa has three bony projections called the | nasal conchae. |
The nasopharynx is lined with _____________ epithelium, while the oropharynx is lined with ____________ epithelium. | pseudostratified, stratified squamous |
The Adam's apple is part of which laryngeal cartilage | The Adam's apple is part of the thyroid cartilage. |
Complete cartilagenous rings support the trachea, keeping the airway open. | False |
Which of the following is not part of the left lung | middle lobe; The left lung has only two lobes to accommodate the heart. |
The smallest inhaled particles are trapped by | alveolar macrophages. |
Visceral pleura covers the surface of the lungs | True |
If the intrapulmonary pressure drops, exhalation will occur | False |
In cool weather, our respiratory system warms the inhaled air, increasing its volume and helping to inflate the lungs. | True |
Expiration requires more energy than required by inspiration. | False |
Which of the following does not cause an increased resistance to airflow? | epinephrine |
Surfactant increases surface tension in the alveoli. | False |
Anatomic dead space plus the nonfunctional alveolar space equals the physiologic dead space. | True |
The vital capacity of the lungs equals the total lung capacity minus tidal volume | False |
Which of the following is not part of the medulla oblongata? | The pneumotaxic center is located in the pons. |
The respiratory centers receive afferent input from the | A) blood chemoreceptors. B) limbic system. C) vagus nerve. |
Since 1 atmosphere of pressure equals 760 mmHg, which gas has a partial pressure of about 160 mmHg in inspired air? | Oxygen is 20.84% of inspired air, so PO2 = 20.84% x 760 mmHg = 158.38 mmHg |
The transport of CO2 in the blood occurs chiefly in which of the following forms? | carbonic acid (or bicarbonate and hydrogen ions) |
Which of the following is not an important factor in adjusting the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues? | carbonic anhydrase |
The primary factor affecting chemoreceptors of blood gases is | pH |
Blood levels of CO2 are directly proportional to H+ levels because of the carbonic acid reaction | True |
Hypoxia caused by inadequate gas exchange is classified as | hypoxemic hypoxia. |
Decreased bronchial ciliary action, increased mucus production, alveolar macrophage disruption, chronic infection, emphysema, and cancer are all associated with smoking. | True |
This is the most correct sequence of air passage from the nose to the alveoli: | nasopharynx > larynx > trachea > bronchia > bronchiole |
Surfactant is secreted in the: | alveoli |
which best describes the function of the cartilaginous rings? | keep airway open during inhalation |
Pleural fluid is important for all of these reasons except: | reduces cohesion of water molecules |
As the thoracic cavity expands, the: | intrapleural pressure falls |
All of the following factors could produce bronchoconstriction except | epinephrine |
Normal, resting breaths are called: | tidal volume |
Falling blood pH would have what affect on respiration normally? | hyperventilation |
All of the following factors will cause the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to be lower except | lower carbon dioxide concentrations |
In this condition, the walls of the alveoli are destroyed, leading to a lower surface area for respiration | emphysema |
The most common lung cancer (characterized by keratin tissue replacing lung tissue) is | squamous cell carcinoma. |