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Anatomy Ch. 3 Cells

Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Unit

QuestionAnswer
What is the smallest living unit in our bodies? Cells
What carry on essential functions of cells? organelles "little organs"
What separates two of the body's major fluid compartments-intracellular and extracellular fluid? Plasma membrane
Types of membrane proteins 1. Integral, 2. Glycocalx, 3. Peripheral
Integral Proteins firmly imbedded in or attached to lipid bilayer
Glycocalx fuzzy, sticky, carbohydrate-rich area at the cell surface
Peripheral Proteins attach to membrane surface and support plasma membrane from cytoplasmic side
hydrophillic head polar
hydrophobic tails non-polar
Passive Transport molecular movement occurs spontaneously without input of energy; movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through integral protein
Active Transport molecular movement occurs only with input of energy; integral proteins move molecules across plasma membrane against concentration gradient
Simple Diffusion pass directly through lipid bilayer
Facilitated Diffusion move across lipid bilayer with help of carrier molecule
Diffusion tendency of molecules or ions to move from an area where they are in higher concentration to lower concentration
What is the diffusion of water molecules across a membrane? Osmosis
Hypertonic solute concentrations higher in extracellular fluid
Hypotonic solute concentrations lower in extracellular fluid
Isotonic solute concentrations are balanced
What transports via integral proteins? Active Transport
What is the mechanism by which particles enter cells? Endocytosis
What is the type of endocytosis in which cell engulfs large particles by projecting pseudopods (false feet) around it and enclosing it within a membrane sac? Phagocytosis
What cell "gulps" drops of extracellular fluid containing solutes into tiny vesicles? Pinocytosis
Created by: aalundquist
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