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ANS 214L Lab 4
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pleur- | chest lining |
| pneum-, pulm- | lungs |
| thora- | chest |
| trache- | windpipe |
| principal organs of the respiratory system in mammals | nose, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs |
| upper respiratory tract | the airway from the nose through the pharynx and larynx |
| lower respiratory tract | airway from the trachea through the lungs, includes the various bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli |
| conductive zone | acts to transport air, includes the nose through the conducting bronchioles, ending with the terminal bronchioles |
| respiratory zone | represents the region where gas exchange occurs and includes the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli |
| where does gas exchange in birds occur | air capillaries |
| functions of the upper respiratory system | filter, heat, humidify |
| tidal volume | volume of air moving in and out during respiration |
| minute respiratory volume | tidal volume times respiration rate |
| resting tidal volume | volume of air moving in and out during respiration when at rest |
| vital capacity | maximum volume of air inspired after maximum expiration |
| residual volume | the air that remains in the airways after maximal forced expiration, and thus cannot be removed |
| total lung capacity | the sum of vital capacity and residual volume |
| components of the conductive zone | trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, conducting bronchioles, terminal bronchioles |
| components of the respiratory zone | respiratory bronchioles, alveoli |
| inspiration in mammals | muscles contract, lung volume increases, active due to muscle contraction |
| expiration in mammals | muscles relax, volume decreases, passive (occurs when muscles relax) |
| air spaces in avian respiratory system | cervical air sacs (2), clavicular air sac (1), cranial thoracic air sacs (2), caudal thoracic air sacs (2), abdominal air sacs (2), lungs (2) |
| avian respiratory system components | trachea, bronchi/mesobronchi (primary), ventral bronchi (secondary), dorsal bronchi (secondary), parabronchi (tertiary), air capillaries |
| pathway of air through the avian system | trachea, mesobronchi, dorsobronchi, parabronchi, air cappillaries, parabronchi, ventrobronchi, mesobronchi, trachea |
| pulmonary surfactant | lowers surface tension between alveolar membranes preventing the alveoli from collapsing |
| type of system in avians | open |
| lungs expand in avians? | no |
| in avians gas exchange occurs in | air capillaries |
| inspiration in avians | active |
| expiration in avians | active |
| where pulmonary surfactant produced in avians | laminated osmiophillic bodies |
| when pulmonary surfactant produced in avians | day 18 |
| type of system in mammals | closed |
| lungs expand in mammals? | yes |
| in mammals gas exchange occurs in | alveoli |
| inspiration in mammals | active |
| expiration in mammals | passive |
| where pulmonary surfactant produced in mammals | type II alveolar cells |
| when pulmonary surfactant produced in mammals | late pregnancy |
Created by:
adekkers
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