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master control and communication system
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Two Divisions of the central nervous system (CNS)
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Anat QII:QIV
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| master control and communication system | nervous system |
| Two Divisions of the central nervous system (CNS) | brain and spinal cord |
| 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) | cranial nerves and spinal nerves |
| how many pairs of cranial nerves | 12 |
| how many pairs of spinal nerves | 31 |
| signals move toward the CNS-2 terms | sensory or afferent signals |
| signals are carried away from the CNS-2 terms | motor or efferent signals |
| cell type which transmits electrical signals | neurons |
| excitable cell type | neurons |
| cell type which surround and wrap neurons | supporting cells |
| nonexcitable cell type | supporting cells |
| name the 3 main parts of a neuron | cell body, axon, dendrites |
| extensive branching portion of a neuron, function as receivers | dendrites |
| nerve fiber portion of a neuron, transmits impulses away from the cell body | axon |
| cordlike organs in the Peripheral nervous system | nerves |
| layer of delicate connective tissue surrounding a nerve axon | endoneurium |
| groups of nerve axons bound into bundles | nerve fascicle |
| connective tissue wrapping surrounding a nerve fascicle | perineurium |
| whole nerve is surrounded by a tough fibrous sheath called | epineurium |
| directional term meaning toward the nose | rostral |
| directional term meaning toward the tail | caudal |
| another name for the cerebral hemispheres | cerebrum |
| 3 parts of the diencephalon | thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus |
| 3 parts of the brain stem | midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
| 4 regions of the brain as a whole | cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum |
| where is cerebrospinal fluid produced? | in the choroid plexuses |
| expansions of the brain's central cavity filled with cerebrospinal fluid | ventricles |
| deep grooves which separate the major regions of the brain | fissures |
| fissure which separates the cerebrum and cerebellum | transverse fissure |
| fissure which separates the two cerebral hemispheres | longitudinal fissure |
| grooves on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres | sulci |
| the twisted ridges between the cerebral sulci | gyri |
| sulcus which separates the frontal and parietal lobes | central sulcus |
| sulcus which separates the occipital from the parietal lobe | parieto-occipital sulcus |
| sulcus which separates the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes | lateral sulcus |
| lobe found deep within the lateral sulcus | insula |
| gray matter, external layer of the cerebral hemispheres | cerebral cortex |
| matter deep to the cerebral cortex | cerebral white matter |
| found deep within the cerebral white matter, 3 terms | deep gray matter, basal ganglia, basal nuclei |
| type of tract found in white matter: allows communication between right and left cerebral hemispheres | commisures |
| the largest commisure | corpus callosum |
| tract in cerebral white matter which connects different parts of the same hemisphere | association fibers |
| tract in cerebral white matter which run vertically between the cerebral hemispheres and the brain stem and spinal cord | projection fibers |
| brain part which forms the center core of the forebrain, surrounded by the cerebral hemispheres | diencephalon |
| part of the diencephalon: the gateway to the cerebral cortex | thalamus |
| part of the diencephalon: main visceral control center of the body | hypothalamus |
| part of the diencephalon: includes the pineal gland | epithalamus |
| endocrine gland which secretes the hormone melatonin (regulates sleep-wake cycle): found where? | pineal gland, found in the epithalamus of the diencephalon |
| parts of the brain stem from rostral to caudal: | midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
| cranial nerves I and II attach to the underside of the: | cerebrum |
| cranial nerves III-XII attach where? | brain stem |
| located dorsal to the pons and medulla oblongata, this brain part smooths and coordinates body movements and helps maintain equilibrium | cerebellum |
| protective layer covers the CNS and encloses the vessels that supply it | meninges |
| 3 layers in order of depth of the meninges | dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
| True or False: the spinal cord has two layers of dura mater | false |
| brain protection which prevents most blood-borne toxins from entering the brain, but not an absolute barrier | blood-brain barrier |
| inferior tapered end of the spinal cord | conus medullaris |
| long filament of connective tissue attaching the spinal cord to the coccyx inferiorly | filum terminale |
| origin for the spinal nerves that innervate the upper extremitites | cervical enlargement |
| origin for the spinal nerves that innervate the lower extremities | lumbar enlargement |
| collection of nerve roots inferiorly on the spinal cord | cauda equina |
| lateral projection on the spinal cord anchoring the cord to the vertebrae | denticulate ligaments |
| cranial nerve I | olfactory |
| olfactory nerve function | smell |
| cranial nerve II | optic |
| optic nerve function | sight |
| cranial nerve III | oculomotor |
| nerve controlling four of the extrinsic eye muscles | oculomotor |
| cranial nerve IV | trochlear nerve |
| nerve controlling an extrinsic eye muscle | trochlear nerve |
| cranial nerve V | trigeminal nerve |
| nerve providing sensory innervation to the face, motor innervation of the chewing muscles-3 primary branches: opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular | trigeminal nerve |
| cranial nerve VI | abducens nerve |
| nerve which abducts the eyeball | abducens nerve |
| cranial nerve VII | facial nerve |
| nerve which innervates muscles of facial expression | facial nerve |
| cranial nerve VIII | vestibulocochlear nerve |
| sensory nerve of hearing and balance | vestibulocochlear nerve |
| cranial nerve IX | glosspharyngeal nerve |
| nerve which innervates structures of the tongue and pharynx | glosspharyngeal nerve |
| cranial nerve X | vagus nerve |
| mixed sensory and motor nerve which wanders into the thorax and abdomen | vagus nerve |
| cranial nerve XI | accessory nerve |
| accessory part of the vagus nerve | accessory nerve |
| cranial nerve XII | hypoglossal nerve |
| nerve which innervates the tongue muscles | hypoglossal nerve |
| how many pairs of cervical nerves | 8 |
| how many pairs of thoracic nerves | 12 |
| how many pairs of lumbar nerves | 5 |
| how many pairs of sacral nerves | 5 |
| how many pairs of coccygeal nerves | 1 |
| motorvisceral division of the peripheral nervous system also called the involuntary nervous system | autonomic nervous system |
| resting and digesting portion of the autonomic nervous system | parasympathetic |
| fight flight and fright response portion the the autonomic nervous system | sympathetic |
| ventricle opening: between the lateral ventricles and the thrid ventricle (connects the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle) | foramen of monro |
| another name for the foramen of monro | interventricular foramen |
| ventricle opening: lies between the thrid and fourth ventricle (connects the third and fourth ventricle) | aqueduct of sylvius |
| another name for the aqueduct of sylvius | cerebral aqueduct |
| connects the ventricles with the subarachnoid space, allows the cerebrospinal fluid to bathe the entire central nervous system (2-lateral and medial) | medial= foramen of magendie, lateral= foramen of luschke |
Created by:
amyziolkowski
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