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Anatomy chapter uno
human body orientaion
Question | Answer |
---|---|
what is the correct level of structural organization? | chemical, celluar, tissues, oragan, organ system, organism. |
Which organ system maintains posture and produces heat? | muscluar |
what does not pertain to the skeletal system? | forms the external body |
name the organ system composed of the skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails. | Integumentary |
which system is the fast acting control center system of the body, respnding to stimuli by activating muscles and glands | Nervous |
Which organ system picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood. | Lymphatic |
Name the organ system that eliminates nitrogeous wastes from the body, regulated water, electrolytes, and pH balance of the blood. | Urinary |
What are the Necessary life functions the body has to maintain? | movement, maintaining boudaries between internal and external environments, digestion and responsiveness, metabolism; catabolism and anabolism, growth and reproduction. |
what is the correct pathway in control mechanisms? | Stimulus, receptor, input, output,response |
What is positive feedback? | a response that enhances or exaggeratdes the original stimulus. |
A disturbance in homeostasis can cause what? | increases in infection, contributes to changes associated with aging, may allow destructive positive feed back to take over |
define homeostasis | to maintain balance within the body through constant monitoring and response. |
what is the specific name for the hip region? | coxal |
what is the single most abundant chemical substance of the body accounting for 69 - 80% of body weight? | water |
what organs or structures can be found in the left iliac region? | intestines |
the heart lies in which cavity? | pericardial |
what is the verticle section through the body dividing it into anterior and posterior regions? | frontal |
the term pollex refers to the...? | thumb |
the four elements that comprise 96% of living matter are...? | carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen. |
When atoms of two different elements combine, they form | a compund |
the four major compounds that comprise our bodies are | proteins, carbrohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. |
the major builing block of protein for protein is | amino acids |
the four dna nucleotides are | adenine,thymine, cytosine and guanine. |
The single most abundant protein in the body is | collagen |
Enzymes are | composed of mostly protein, they are organic catalysts, and may be damaged at high temperatures. |
all cells are composed chiefly of | carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen |
plasma membrane | outtermost layer of cell, protects it, allows what comes and goes in and out of the cell, and separates two of the body's major fluids; intracellular fluid- within the cell. and extracellular fluid- outside of the cell. |
membrane lipids | fabric of the membrane. constructed largely of phospholipids, with smaller amounts of cholesterol and glycolipids. |
Each lollipop-shaped phopholipid has | a polar head that is charged and is hydrophillic. and an uncharged , nonpolar tail that is made of two fatty acid chains and is hydrophobic. |
Tight junctions | a series of integral protein molecules in the plasma membranes of adjecent cells fuse together forming an impermeable junction that encircles the cell. this helps prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space. |
demosomes | "binding bodies" are anchoring junctions- mechanical coupling scattered like rivets along the sides , preventing their separtion. they fit together like the teeth of a zipper. they are abundant to tissues with great mechanical stress; skin & heart |
gap junctions | nexus bond; communicating junction between adjacent cells. they are very close and are connected by hollow cylinders called connexons. Ions, simple sugars and other small molecules pass through these water filled channels. |
what junction are present in electrically excitable tissues such as the heart and smooth muscle? | gap junction |
extracellular fluid all cells are bathed in. derived from the blood. it is like a rich nutritious soup and contains thousands of ingredients including, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids and vitamins. | interstitial fluid. |