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Name some characteristics of blood
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Name the 3 main types of plasma proteins
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Anatomy Qtr 3
Not Including Guides & Limits
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name some characteristics of blood | *pH = 7.35-7.45 *Viscosity = 3.3-5.5 *Temp. = 100.4*F *Vol. Adult Males= 5-6 liters *Vol. Adult Females= 4-5 liters |
| Name the 3 main types of plasma proteins | *Albumin *Globulins *Fibrinogen |
| The plasma protein that controls osmotic pressure of the circulatory system | Albumin |
| The plasma protein that transports antibodies (immunoglobulins) | Globulins |
| The plasma protein that is the blood clotting elements | Fibrinogen |
| Name some characteristics of RBCs | *Erythrocytes *Oxygen transport *Hemoglobin *Biconcave Disc Shape *Lack mitochondria |
| Name some characteristics of WBCs | *Leukocytes *Crucial to the bodies defense against disease *5 types of WBCs |
| Granulocytic WBC that destroys bacteria | Neutrophils |
| Granulocytivc WBC that terminates the inflammatory response to allergic reactions & parasitic infections | Eosinophils |
| Granulocytic WBC that directs the later stages of allergic reactions & parasitic infections | Basophils |
| Agranulocytic WBC that is the most important of the immune system, Tcells & Bcells, function in the connective tissue | Lymphocytes |
| Agranulocytic WBC that is the largest and transforms into macrophages | Monocytes |
| To make blood | Hematopoiesis |
| The site of blood cell formation | Bone Marrow |
| All blood cells arise from these cells types | Blood Stem Cell |
| Name the 2 types of blood stem cells | Lymphoid & Myeloid |
| Which blood stem cell gives rise to lymphocytes? | Lymphoid Stem Cells |
| Which blood stem cell gives rise to every other blood cell? | Myeloid Stem Cells |
| Clotting Cells | Platelets (Thrombocytes) |
| Sac around the heart | Pericardium |
| Outer layer of connective tissue of pericardium | Fibrous Pericardium |
| Deeper double layer located between the fibrous pericardium and the heart | Serous Pericardium |
| External layer of the serous pericardium | Parietal Layer |
| Internal layer of serous pericardium that lays on the heart | Visceral Layer AKA Epicardium |
| Name the three layers of the heart wall | *Epicardium *Myocardium *Endocardium |
| Internal longitudinal division of the atria | Interatrial Septum |
| Internal longitudinal division of the ventricles | Interventricular Septum |
| External groove that divides the atria from the ventricles | Coronary Sulcus |
| External groove dividing the ventricles | Anterior & Posterior Interventricular Sulci |
| Receiving chamber for oxygen poor blood returning from the systemic circuit; receives blood via three veins | Right Atrium |
| Receives blood draining superior to the diaphragm, opening in the right atrium | Superior Vena Cava |
| Receives blood draining inferior to the diaphragm, opening in the right atrium | Inferior Vena Cava |
| Receives blood draining from the walls of the heart, opening in the right atrium | Coronary Sinus |
| C-like structures marking the openings of the three vessels opening in the right atrium | Crista Terminalis |
| Remnant of a fetal circulatory structure, foramen ovale | Fossa Ovalis |
| Allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle | Tricuspid Valve (Rt. AV Valve) |
| Internal Pacemaker found in the right atrium; crescent shaped mass of cells that lies just inferior to the entrance of the superior vena cava | SA Node (sinoatrial node) |
| Pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit | Right Ventricle |
| Cone shaped muscles projecting from the ventricular wall | Papillary Muscles |
| Thin strong bands attached to the papillary muscles and the flaps of the tricuspid & bicuspid valves; prevents backflow into the atrium | Chordae Tendineae |
| The valve located in the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk | Pulmonary Valve (Pulmonary Semilunar Valve) |
| Recieves oxygen rich blood returning from the pulmonary circuit via 2 right & 2 left pulmonary veins | Left Atrium |
| Valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle | Mitral/Bicuspid/Left Atrioventricular Valve |
| Major vessel leaving the left ventricle | Aorta |
| The valve located in the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta | Aortic Valve (Aortic Semilunar Valve) |
| Extrinsic controls that can control the heart rate | Innervation *Parasympathetic Fibers: slow the heart rate *Sympathetic Fibers: increase the heart rate |
| Vessels that provide blood supply to the walls of the heart itself | Left & Right Coronary Arteries |
| Vessel that drains the blood supply from the walls of the heart itself | Coronary Sinus |
| The study of blood | Hematology |
| The study of the heart | Cardiology |
| The study of blood vessels | Angiology |
| The study of arteries | Arteriology |
| The study of veins | Phlebology |
| Innermost layer of of tissue of the blood vessels; smooth endothelium | Tunica Intima |
| The middle layer of tissue of the blood vessels; smooth muscle | Tunica Media |
| The outermost layer of tissue of the blood vessels; connective tissue that anchors and supports | Tunica Adventitia (Externa) |
| The union of the distal ends of arteries and veins | Anastomoses |
| Used in conjuction with anastomoses; refers to 2 or more vessels providing blood supply to the same body part | Collateral Circulation |
| Vessels for vessels | Vasa Vasorum |
| Branch from the pulmonary arteries, 3 right and 2 left | Lobar Arteries |
| Name the 3 branches of the aortic arch | Brachiocephalic Trunk, Left Common Carotid, Left Subclavian |
| Name the parietal branches of the descending thoracic aorta | Post. Intercostal Arteries (9 pair) Subcostal Arteries (1 pair) Sup. Phrenic Arteries (1 pair) |
| Name the visceral branches of the descending thoracic aorta | Esophageal Arteries (several pairs) Bronchial Arteries Pericardial Arteries |
| Name the parietal branches of the descending abdominal aorta | Inf. Phrenic Arteries (1 pair) Lumbar Arteries (4 pair) Median Sacral Artery (unpaired) |
| Name the paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta | Middle Suprarenal (1 pair) Renal Arteries (1 pair) Gonadal Arteries (1 pair) |
| Name the unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta | Celiac Trunk (Left Gastric Artery, Splenic Artery, Common Hepatic) Superior Mesenteric Artery Inferior Mesenteric Artery |
| Name the 8 branches of the external carotid artery | Facial, Post. Auricular, Ascending Pharyngeal, Superficial Temporal, Maxillary, Superior Thyroid, Lingual, Occipital Artery |
| Name the 4 branches of the internal carotid artery | Opthalmic, Anterior Cerebral, Middle Cerebral, Anterior Communicating Artery |
| Name the 9 arteries that make up the Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis) | *Rt & Left Internal Carotid (2) *Ant. Communicating Artery *Rt & Left Ant. Cerebral Arteries (2) *Rt & Left Post. Cerebral Arteries (2) *Rt & Left Post. Communicating Arteries (2) |
| Unites the brain's anterior and posterior blood supplies provided by the internal carotid and vertebral arteries | Circle of Willis |
| System that drains the intercostal spaces and empties into the superior vena cava | Azygos System |
| Name the vessels of the Azygos System | *Azygos Vein *Hemiazygos Vein *Accessory Azygos Vein |
| Name the veins of the thoracic region | Two Vena cava, Coronary Sinus, Pulmonary Veins (2 rt, 2 left), Azygos System, Bronchial Vein, Esophageal Veins |
| Name the parietal veins of the abdominal region | Lumbar Veins, Inferior Phrenic Veins |
| Name the visceral veins of the abdominal region | Gonadal Veins, Renal Veins, Suprarenal, Hepatic Veins, Hepatic Portal System, Hepatic Portal Vein |
| Name the 3 veins that drain into the hepatic portal vein | Splenic, Inferior Mesenteric, Superior Mesenteric Veins |
| What does the hepatic portal system drain? | The organs of digestion |
| Name the veins of the head and neck region | Dural Sinuses, External Jugular, Internal Jugular, Vertebral Veins |
| Name the superficial veins of the upper limbs | Cephalic, Basilic, Medial Cubital Vein |
| Name the superficial veins of the lower extremities | Great and Small Saphenous Vein |
| Name the 2 main differences between the fetal and postnatal circulation | *Fetus supplies blood to the placenta *Placenta is the respiratory organ so the lungs don't need much blood |
| Name the remnant fetal structure of the Umbilical Arteries | Medial Umbilical Ligaments |
| Name the remnant fetal structure of the Umbilical Vein | Ligamentum Teres |
| Name the remnant fetal structure of the Ductus Venosus | Ligamentum Venosum |
| Name the remnant fetal structure of the Foramen Ovale | Fossa Ovalis |
| Name the remnant fetal structure of the Ductus Arteriosus | Ligamentum Arteriosum |
| The lymphatic system is a ____ _____ system; flows only toward the heart | One Way |
| Permeable vessels of the lymphatic system that receive tissue fluid | Lymph Capillaries |
| Name the one set of lymph capillaries that receive digested fat from the small intestine | Lacteals *Fatty Lymph=Chyle |
| Vessels that the lymph enters from the lymph capillaries | Lymphatic Collecting Vessels |
| Cleanse and filter the lymph of pathogens; situated along the lymphatic collecting vessels; 500 of them | Lymph Nodes |
| After leaving the lymph nodes, the largest lymphatic collecting vessels converge and form.... | Lymph Trunks |
| Name the 5 major lymph trunks from inferior to superior | Lumbar, Intestinal, Bronchomediastinal, Subclavian, Jugular |
| Lymph trunk located along the sides or the aorta in the inf. abdomen; recieves lymph from the lower limbs, pelvic organs, ant. abdominal wall | Lumbar |
| Lymph trunk located near the post. abdominal wall in the midline; receives lymph from the stomach, fatty lymph, intestines, other digestive organs | Intestinal |
| Lymph trunk located ascending near the sides of the trachea; receives lymph from the thoracic viscera and the thoracic wall | Bronchomediastinal |
| Lymph trunk located at the base of the neck; receives lymph from the upper limbs, inferior neck, and the superior thoracic wall | Subclavian |
| Lymph trunk located at the base of each jugular vein; receives lymph from the head and neck | Jugular |
| Lymph trunks drain into the largest lymphatic vessels | Lymph Ducts *some have two, some have one |
| Lymph duct present in all individuals; inferior part is located at the union of the lumbar & intestinal trunks (Cisterna Chyli); drains 3/4 of the body | Thoracic Duct (Left Lymphatic Duct) |
| Some people have this short lymphatic duct that drains the upper right 1/4 of the body | Right Lymphatic Duct |
| Name the most important tissue of the immune system | Lymphoid Tissue |
| Name the 2 general locations of lymphoid tissue | *MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) *All lymphoid organs except the thymus |
| Name the lymphoid organs | Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Tonsils, Aggregated Lymphoid Nodules (peyer's patches), Appendix, Thymus |
| Where do most of the antigen challenges occur in the body? | The Lymph Nodes |
| The largest lymphoid organ with 2 main blood cleansing functions, removal of blood-borne antigens & removal of aged and defective blood cells | Spleen |
| Site of Tlymphocyte maturation; lies in the superior thorax and inf. neck; not a true lymphoid connective tissue | Thymus |
| The simplest lymphoid organs arranged in a ring around the entrance to the pharynx; 4 groups (palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, tubal) | Tonsils |
Created by:
sbarton
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