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Anatomy chapt 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| leptin | a hormone secreted by adipocytes (fat cells) |
| acromegaly | abnormal enlargement of the extremities (hands & feet) that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty |
| cretinism | a congenital form of hypothyroidism. If treatment is not started soon after birth, cretinism causes arrested physical & mental development |
| chemical thyroidectomy | AKA radioactive iodine therapy, is the administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells |
| cortisol | AKA hydrocortisone, has an anti-inflammatory action, & it regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats & proteins in the body |
| addison's disease | occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal glands |
| aldosteronism | an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone |
| Conn's syndrome | a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone |
| Cushing's syndrome | AKA hypercortisolism, is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol |
| diabetes insipidus | is caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond appropriately to this hormone |
| diabetes mellitus | a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both |
| diabetic retinopathy | occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, causing blood to leak into the posterior segment of the eyeball |
| hypercrinism | a condition due to excessive secretion of any gland, especially an endocrine gland |
| hypocrinism | a condition caused by deficient secretion of any gland, especially an endocrine gland |
| gigantism | AKA giantism, is abnormal overgrowth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty |
| hyperpituitarism | pathology resulting in the excessive secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| pituitarism | any disorder of pituitary function |
| pituitary adenoma | AKA a pituitary tumor, is a slow-growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland |
| prolactinoma | AKA a prolactin-producing adenoma, is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin |
| pinealoma | a tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | AKA chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack & destroy the cells of the thyroid gland |
| hypothyroidism | AKA an underactive thyroid, is caused by a deficiency of thyroid secretion |
| myxedema | AKA adult hypothyroidism, is caused by exteme deficiency of thyroid secretion |
| hyperthyroidism | AKA thyrotoxicosis, is an imbalance of metabolism caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormones |
| Graves' disease | an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism, is characterized by goiter &/or exophthalmos |
| exophthalmos | an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit |
| hypocalcemia | is characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood |
| thymitis | an inflammation of the thymus gland |
| thymectomy | the surgical removal of the thymus gland |
| glycogen | the form in which the liver stores the excess glucose |
| insulinoma | a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin |
| pancreatalgia | pain in the pancreas |
| hyperglycemia | an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive hunger |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| hyperinsulinism | the condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream |
| hypoglycemia | an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood |
| gestational diabetes | a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies. This condition usually disappears after delivery; however, many of these women later develop type 2 diabetes |
| fructosamine test | measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks. The fructosamine test is able to detect changes more rapidly than the HbA1c test |
| electrolytes | mineral substances, such as sodium & potassium, that are normally found in the blood |
| epinephrine | AKA adrena line, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress or other stimuli |
| pheochromocytoma | a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine |
| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands |
| estrogen | important in the development & maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics & in regulation of the menstrual cycle |
| gynecomastia | the condition of excessive mammary development in the male |
| DI | diabetes insipidus |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| DR, DRP | diabetic retinopathy |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| FA | fructosamine test |
| GD | Graves' disease |
| HG | hypoglycemia |
| LEP, LPT | leptin |
| PC, PCC, Pheo | pheochromocytoma |
Created by:
KarenAndVic
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