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Tumors that are _______________ are capable of invasion and spreading to other sites.
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The visual examination of the abdominal cavity using small incisions and a laparoscope is called a(n)_______.
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A&P
A&P II Oncology chp 19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tumors that are _______________ are capable of invasion and spreading to other sites. | malignant |
| The visual examination of the abdominal cavity using small incisions and a laparoscope is called a(n)_______. | laparoscopy/peritoneoscopy |
| Tumors that are ______________ are noninvasive and not capable of invading nearby tissues or spreading to other sites | benign |
| The secondary growth of cancer cells from a primary site is called ________________. | metastasis |
| The transformation from a normal cell to a cancerous cell is called ________________. | carcinogenesis |
| Malignant transformation results from damage to the genetic material of the cell called _________________. | DNA |
| Environmental agents that can cause damage to DNA and thus produce cancer are called ___________________. | carcinogens |
| _______________ are the largest group of cancers and are solid tumors that are derived from epithelial tissue that lines external and internal body surfaces. | carcinomas |
| Benign tumors of epithelial origin are called __________________. | adenomas |
| Malignant tumors that are derived from the connective tissues in the body are called _____________________. | sarcomas |
| The mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another and project from a tissue surface are described as ___________________. | fungating |
| Large, soft, fleshy tumors are called ____________________. | medullary |
| Tumors that contain dead tissue are referred to as ________________. | necrotic |
| ___________________ refers to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures. | carcinoma in situ |
| The microscopic description _______________, means spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue. | diffuse |
| The degree of maturity or differentiation under the microscope is referred to as a tumors ______________. | grade |
| The extent of spread within the body is referred to as the tumors _________________. | stage |
| One example of a staging system is called _______________________. | TNM/International Staging System |
| The process of burning tissue to destroy it is called ___________________. | cauterization |
| The removal of a tumor and a margin of normal tissue is called a _________________ biopsy. | excisional |
| The destruction os tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current is called ___________________. | fulguration |
| The removal of a piece of tissue for examination to establish a diagnosis is called an ___________________ biopsy. | incisional |
| The implantation of small, sealed containers or seeds of radioactive material directly into a tumor or in close proximity to a tumor is called ___________________. | brachytherapy |
| A _____________ is a unit of absorbed radiation dose. | gray |
| A tumor that can be completely eradicated by radiation therapy is referred to as _____________________. | radiocurable |
| A tumor that requires large doses of radiation to produce death of the cells is called ____________________. | radioresistant |
| Cancer treatment that utilizes drugs is called __________. | chemotherapy |
| An ______________ transplant is when marrow is previously obtained from the patient and stored to be reinfused when needed. | autologous |
| An _________________ transplant is accomplished by obtaining marrow from a living donor other than the recipient. | allogeneic |
| BMT | bone marrow transplantation |
| bx | biopsy |
| CA | cancer |
| CEA | carcinoembryonic antigen |
| chemo | chemotherapy |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| ER | estrogen receptor |
| Gy | gray |
| IGRT | intensity-modulated gated radiation therapy |
| IMRT | intensity modulated radiation therapy |
| IORT | intraoperative radiation therapy |
| mets | metastasis |
| NED | no evidence of disease |
| NHL | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| PD | progressive disease |
| PR | partial response |
| prot. | protocol |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| PSRS | proton stereotactic radiosurgery |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| RT | radiation therapy |
| TNM | tumor, nodes, metastasis |
| XRT, RT | radiation therapy |
| Testing blood cells from family members to determine wheher a person has inherited the cancer-causing gene is called ________. | genetic screening |
| ________ is a study prior to radiation therapy utilizing CT or MRI scans to map treatment | simulation |
| The N stands for _____. | node |
| The M stands for ______. | Metastasis |
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